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HTLV-1 infection leads to the development of an inflammatory disease called HAM\/TSP, a myelopathy characterized by slowly progressive spastic paraparesis. There have been no effective therapeutics available for HAM\/TSP, but recently, a semisynthetic glycosaminoglycan, named pentosan polysulfate (PPS), has been found to alleviate the symptoms of HAM\/TSP. Here we conducted a comprehensive study on the effect of PPS both<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. PPS demonstrated anti-HTLV-1 potential in infected cell lines, as shown by its suppressive effects on HTLV-1 replication and transmission and on the transmigration of infected T cells. Moreover, results obtained from two HTLV-1 mouse models demonstrate that PPS inhibits HTLV-1 infection and inflammation development<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Our work offers insights into the treatment of HAM\/TSP by PPS and also suggests its possible use for treating other HTLV-1-induced inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00413-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T10:49:40Z","timestamp":1559299780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pentosan Polysulfate Demonstrates Anti-human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Activities<i>In Vitro<\/i>and<i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Guangyong","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichirou","family":"Yasunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ReqMed Co., Ltd., Machida City, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.1.88"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70628-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0244-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08529.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573402111666150213165054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2005.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6904-10-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666060-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.93"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.10.3401","article-title":"Inhibition of allergic encephalomyelitis in rats by treatment with sulfated polysaccharides","volume":"140","author":"Willenborg DO","year":"1988","unstructured":"Willenborg DO, Parish CR. 1988. 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