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Chronic or acute stress increases the frequency of reactivation from latency; how this occurs is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone stimulated explant-induced reactivation from latency. Conversely, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist significantly impaired reactivation from latency, indicating that GR activation stimulated explant-induced reactivation. The viral regulatory protein VP16 was readily detected in TG neurons prior to infected-cell protein 0 (ICP0) and ICP4 during explant-induced reactivation. Dexamethasone induced expression of all three viral regulatory proteins following TG explant. Whereas the immunosuppressive properties of corticosteroids would facilitate viral spread during reactivation from latency, these studies indicate GR activation increases the number of TG neurons that express viral regulatory proteins during early stages of explant-induced reactivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00418-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T10:42:12Z","timestamp":1554892932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Antagonizing the Glucocorticoid Receptor Impairs Explant-Induced Reactivation in Mice Latently Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus 1"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Kelly S.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA"},{"name":"Yangzhou University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanth","family":"Thunuguntla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/262415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s705-002-8309-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01185-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280701793957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.14.6660-6675.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.8.3636-3646.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.2.717-729.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.14.9019-9025.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280601156297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.12.8045-8055.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.7.5432-5440.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-011-0071-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.4.2157-2169.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.1.322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/571340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.8.3542","article-title":"Persistent cytokine expression in trigeminal ganglion latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1","volume":"157","author":"Halford WP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Halford WP, Gebhardt BM, Carr DJ. 1996. 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