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The function of the delta peptide is unknown, but sequence analysis has suggested that delta peptide could be a viroporin, belonging to a diverse family of membrane-permeabilizing small polypeptides involved in replication and pathogenesis of numerous viruses. Full-length and conserved C-terminal delta peptide fragments permeabilize the plasma membranes of nucleated cells of rodent, dog, monkey, and human origin; increase ion permeability across confluent cell monolayers; and permeabilize synthetic lipid bilayers. Permeabilization activity is completely dependent on the disulfide bond between the two conserved cysteines. The conserved C-terminal portion of the peptide is biochemically stable in human serum, and most serum-stable fragments have full activity. Taken together, the evidence strongly suggests that Ebola virus delta peptide is a viroporin and that it may be a novel, targetable aspect of Ebola virus disease pathology.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            During the unparalleled West African outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) that began in late 2013, the lack of effective countermeasures resulted in chains of serial infection and a high mortality rate among infected patients. A better understanding of disease pathology is desperately needed to develop better countermeasures. We show here that the Ebola virus delta peptide, a conserved nonstructural protein produced in large quantities by infected cells, has the characteristics of a viroporin. This information suggests a critical role for the delta peptide in Ebola virus disease pathology and as a possible target for novel countermeasures.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00438-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T00:40:15Z","timestamp":1495672815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Ebola Virus Delta Peptide Is a Viroporin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia I.","family":"Melnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Komin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Wiedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Fuselier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron F.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles G.","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Searson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Gallaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"},{"name":"Mockingbird Nature Research Group, Pearl River, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalina","family":"Hristova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Garry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"},{"name":"Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Tulane Center of Excellence, Global Viral Network, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Wimley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Ebola situation report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2016. 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