{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:10:29Z","timestamp":1787166629832,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37-AI091476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-AI091476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI129868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI129868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1-AI126623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1-AI126623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and engineered antibody-like inhibitors have been compared for their breadths, potencies, and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    half-lives. However, a key limitation in the use of antibodies to treat an established HIV-1 infection is the rapid emergence of fully resistant viruses. Entry inhibitors of similar breadths and potencies can differ in the ease with which viral escape variants arise. Here we show that HIV-1 escape from the potent and exceptionally broad entry inhibitor eCD4-Ig is more difficult than that from CD4-Ig or the bNAb NIH45-46. Indeed, full escape was not observed under conditions under which escape from CD4-Ig or NIH45-46 was readily detected. Moreover, viruses that were partially resistant to eCD4-Ig were markedly less infective and more sensitive to antibodies in the serum of an infected person. These data suggest that eCD4-Ig will be more difficult to escape and that even partial escape will likely extract a high fitness cost.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00443-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T09:06:07Z","timestamp":1557219967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["eCD4-Ig Limits HIV-1 Escape More Effectively than CD4-Ig or a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Christoph H.","family":"Fellinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse A.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barnett","family":"Alfant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber S.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Farzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414148111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad5752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03608-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00410-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2015.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan8630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00384-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03335-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","article-title":"AAV-delivered eCD4-Ig protects rhesus macaques from high-dose SIVmac239 challenges","author":"Gardner MR","unstructured":"Gardner MR, Fellinger CH, Kattenhorn LM, Davis-Gardner ME, Weber JA, Alfant B, Zhou AS, Prasad NR, Kondur HR, Newton WA, Weisgrau KL, Rakasz EG, Lifson JD, Gao G, Schultz-Darken N, Farzan M. 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