{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:28:51Z","timestamp":1787059731351,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007546","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PARAVIR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PARAVIR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The earliest records of Trichinellosis might be found in bibles that recommend against pork consumption due to the spread of a disease that resembles what is now identified as Trichinellosis. Parasitic nematodes (round worms) of the genus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                      form a complex of at least 13 species with a broad geographic range. Herein, through data mining of transcriptomic data, and re-sequencing of the transcriptome of representative isolates, we demonstrate the presence of viruses within 10 recognized\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. We provide genome sequences of four viral species of negative sense RNA viruses that belong to the Family\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lispiviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Order\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mononegavirales,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and of eight novel viruses of double-stranded RNA viruses that belong to a novel sub-order within the order\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ghabrivirales<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The integration of viral genome fragments within encapsulated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                      genomes demonstrates that these parasite-virus associations are ancient. Overall, viruses show co-diversification with their parasitic hosts. Yet the phylogenetic position of viruses revealed past host jump from an ancestral encapsulated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species to the ancestral\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pseudospiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and challenges previous dogma on the phylogeny and biogeography of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in North America.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We are witnessing the emergence of a novel field of research focusing on viruses of parasites and their role in parasite pathogenicity. Herein, we describe the characterization of viruses within 10 recognized species of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The viruses were distantly related to known viruses which led us to propose the creation of a novel genera and a novel sub-order. We demonstrated the integration of viral genome fragments within the genome of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and an on-going process of birth and death of viral integration. Finally, we showed that virus phylogenetic analyses can provide fine-tuned information about their parasitic host evolutionary history. This study demonstrates the ancient and close association between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and viruses and strong species specificity. Further studies are now needed to determine whether the newly discovered viruses could be targeted for the development of novel diagnostic approaches.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00485-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:00:35Z","timestamp":1785243635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ancient and current association of the\n                    <i>Trichinella<\/i>\n                    complex with negative-sense and double-stranded RNA viruses"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Gregory","family":"Karadjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04k031t90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, INRAE, \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort","place":["Maisons-Alfort, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Garcia-Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anses Animal Health Laboratory, UMR1161 Virology, INRAE, Anses, ENVA","place":["Maisons-Alfort, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Heckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04k031t90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, INRAE, \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort","place":["Maisons-Alfort, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0367-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Beven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0471kz689","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ANSES, Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l\u2019Alimentation, de l\u2019Environnement et du Travail - Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzan\u00e9-Niort, Unit\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique virale et bios\u00e9curit\u00e9","place":["Ploufragan, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-6157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pierrick","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0471kz689","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ANSES, Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l\u2019Alimentation, de l\u2019Environnement et du Travail - Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzan\u00e9-Niort, Unit\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique virale et bios\u00e9curit\u00e9","place":["Ploufragan, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4711-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0471kz689","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ANSES, Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l\u2019Alimentation, de l\u2019Environnement et du Travail - Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzan\u00e9-Niort, Unit\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique virale et bios\u00e9curit\u00e9","place":["Ploufragan, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3675-5013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nolwenn M.","family":"Dheilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anses Animal Health Laboratory, UMR1161 Virology, INRAE, Anses, ENVA","place":["Maisons-Alfort, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05f82e368","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory","place":["Paris, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05f82e368","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, The OIE Collaborating Center for the detection and identification in humans of emerging animal pathogens","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.769565"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10513"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","volume-title":"FAO\/WHO\/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, management, prevention and control of trichinellosis","author":"Dupouy-Camet J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dupouy-CametJ, Murrell K.D., eds. 2007. 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