{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:09:19Z","timestamp":1790395759166,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]],"date-time":"2010-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-infected individuals is associated with control of viremia, improved CD4 counts, and declining systemic HIV-specific immune responses. While HAART effectively reduces plasma viremia, it remains unclear how effectively antiretroviral drugs reach mucosal surfaces, such as those of the genital tract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HAART on genital tract CD4 T cell reconstitution, HIV shedding, and HIV-specific T cell responses. Cervical cytobrush and blood specimens were obtained from 35 HIV-infected, HAART-nai\u0308ve women and 27 women on HAART in order to investigate HIV Gag-specific T cell responses by intracellular gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) staining. Interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). We show that for HIV-infected women, HAART is associated with significantly improved CD4 T cell counts both in blood and at the cervix. While HAART effectively suppressed both blood and cervical viremia, HIV-specific CD8 T cell responses in blood were lost, while those at the cervix were preserved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00518-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,5]],"date-time":"2010-08-05T03:53:47Z","timestamp":1280980427000},"page":"10765-10772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Persistence of Genital Tract T Cell Responses in HIV-Infected Women on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Nonhlanhla N.","family":"Mkhize","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela P.","family":"Gumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenine J.","family":"Liebenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynette","family":"Denny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Ann S.","family":"Passmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine"},{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200501030-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.2.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11318110-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2007.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00070-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040874"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(02)00357-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200003100-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328270385a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200310170-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.2709-2719.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32801424bd"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1780","volume":"162","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gray, C. 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