{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:12:41Z","timestamp":1787620361216,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,15]],"date-time":"2011-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Effective, safe, and affordable rabies vaccines are still being sought. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, has shown promise as a vaccine vector for mammals. Here, we generated a recombinant avirulent NDV La Sota strain expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) and evaluated its potential to serve as a vaccine against rabies. The recombinant virus, rL-RVG, retained its high-growth property in chicken eggs, with titers of up to 10\n            <jats:sup>9.8<\/jats:sup>\n            50% egg infective doses (EID\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            )\/ml of allantoic fluid. RVG expression enabled rL-RVG to spread from cell to cell in a rabies virus-like manner, and RVG was incorporated on the surface of the rL-RVG viral particle. RVG incorporation did not alter the trypsin-dependent infectivity of the NDV vector in mammalian cells. rL-RVG and La Sota NDV showed similar levels of sensitivity to a neutralization antibody against NDV and similar levels of resistance to a neutralization antibody against rabies virus. Animal studies demonstrated that rL-RVG is safe in several species, including cats and dogs, when administered as multiple high doses of recombinant vaccine. Intramuscular vaccination with rL-RVG induced a substantial rabies virus neutralization antibody response and provided complete protection from challenge with circulating rabies virus strains. Most importantly, rL-RVG induced strong and long-lasting protective neutralization antibody responses to rabies virus in dogs and cats. A low vaccine dose of 10\n            <jats:sup>8.3<\/jats:sup>\n            EID\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            completely protected dogs from challenge with a circulating strain of rabies virus for more than a year. This is the first study to demonstrate that immunization with an NDV-vectored vaccine can induce long-lasting, systemic protective immunity against rabies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00519-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]],"date-time":"2011-06-03T08:08:03Z","timestamp":1307088483000},"page":"8241-8252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Rabies Vaccine Is Safe, Highly Immunogenic, and Provides Long-Lasting Protection in Dogs and Cats"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Jinying","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 11th Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songtao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 11th Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 11th Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinglai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigao","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Human vaccinia infection after contact with a raccoon rabies vaccine bait\u2014Pennsylvania, 2009","volume":"58","year":"2009","unstructured":". 2009. 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