{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:51:06Z","timestamp":1788187866527,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32172822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFD1800700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800700"]}]},{"name":"\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a | Beijing Nova Program","award":["Z211100002121021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z211100002121021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82241073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82241073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The reoccurrence of successive waves of SARS-CoV-2 variants suggests the exploration of more vaccine alternatives is imperative. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a virus vector exhibiting excellent safety as well as efficacy for vaccine development. Here, a series of recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) expressing monomerized or trimerized S proteins from different SARS-CoV-2 variants are engineered. Trimerized S expressed from rMVAs is found predominantly as trimers on the surface of infected cells. Remarkably, immunization of mice with rMVAs demonstrates that S expressed in trimer elicits higher levels of binding IgG and IgA, as well as neutralizing antibodies for matched and mismatched S proteins than S in the monomer. In addition, trimerized S expressed by rMVA induces enhanced cytotoxic T-cell responses than S in the monomer. Importantly, the rMVA vaccines expressing trimerized S exhibit superior protection against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge as the immunized animals all survive without displaying any pathological conditions. This study suggests that opting for trimerized S may represent a more effective approach and highlights that the MVA platform serves as an ideal foundation to continuously advance SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>MVA is a promising vaccine vector and has been approved as a vaccine for smallpox and mpox. Our analyses suggested that recombinant MVA expressing S in trimer (rMVA-ST) elicited robust cellular and humoral immunity and was more effective than MVA-S-monomer. Importantly, the rMVA-ST vaccine was able to stimulate decent cross-reactive neutralization against pseudoviruses packaged using S from different sublineages, including Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron. Remarkably, mice immunized with rMVA-ST were completely protected from a lethal challenge of SARS-CoV-2 without displaying any pathological conditions. Our results demonstrated that an MVA vectored vaccine expressing trimerized S is a promising vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 and the strategy might be adapted for future vaccine development for coronaviruses.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00521-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T12:41:12Z","timestamp":1718368872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trimerized S expressed by modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) confers superior protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3520-9259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junda","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 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