{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:02:58Z","timestamp":1792810978174,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. The control of African swine fever (ASF) has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. Experimental vaccines have been developed using genetically modified live attenuated ASFVs where viral genes involved in virus virulence were removed from the genome. Multigene family 360 (MGF360) and MGF505 represent a group of genes sharing partial sequence and structural identities that have been connected with ASFV host range specificity, blocking of the host innate response, and virus virulence. Here we report the construction of a recombinant virus (ASFV-G-\u0394MGF) derived from the highly virulent ASFV Georgia 2007 isolate (ASFV-G) by specifically deleting six genes belonging to MGF360 or MGF505: MGF505-1R, MGF360-12L, MGF360-13L, MGF360-14L, MGF505-2R, and MGF505-3R. ASFV-G-\u0394MGF replicates as efficiently in primary swine macrophage cell cultures as the parental virus.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, ASFV-G-\u0394MGF is completely attenuated in swine, since pigs inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with either 10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>or 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>50% hemadsorbing doses (HAD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) remained healthy, without signs of the disease. Importantly, when these animals were subsequently exposed to highly virulent parental ASFV-G, no signs of the disease were observed, although a proportion of these animals harbored the challenge virus. This is the first report demonstrating the role of MGF genes acting as independent determinants of ASFV virulence. Additionally, ASFV-G-\u0394MGF is the first experimental vaccine reported to induce protection in pigs challenged with highly virulent and epidemiologically relevant ASFV-G.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>The main problem for controlling ASF is the lack of vaccines. Studies focusing on understanding ASFV virulence led to the production of genetically modified recombinant viruses that, while attenuated, are able to confer protection in pigs challenged with homologous viruses. Here we have produced an attenuated recombinant ASFV derived from highly virulent ASFV strain Georgia (ASFV-G) lacking only six of the multigene family 360 (MGF360) and MGF505 genes (ASFV-G-\u0394MGF). It is demonstrated, by first time, that deleting specific MGF genes alone can completely attenuate a highly virulent field ASFV isolate. Recombinant virus ASFV-G-\u0394MGF effectively confers protection in pigs against challenge with ASFV-G when delivered once via the intramuscular (i.m.) route. The protection against ASFV-G is highly effective by 28 days postvaccination. This is the first report of an experimental vaccine that induces solid protection against virulent ASFV-G.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00554-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T09:15:05Z","timestamp":1427361305000},"page":"6048-6056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":332,"title":["African Swine Fever Virus Georgia Isolate Harboring Deletions of MGF360 and MGF505 Genes Is Attenuated in Swine and Confers Protection against Challenge with Virulent Parental Virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Vivian","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CAHNR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren G.","family":"Holinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Gladue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CAHNR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenton","family":"Sanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Krug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiqiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DHS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Arzt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Innovation, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consuelo","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo R.","family":"Risatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CAHNR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel V.","family":"Borca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"African swine fever virus","volume":"328","author":"Tulman ER","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tulman ER, Delhon GA, Ku BK, Rock DL. 2009. 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