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African buffaloes (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Syncerus caffer<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) are efficient carriers of FMDV, and it has been proposed that new virus variants are produced in buffalo during the prolonged carriage after acute infection, which may spread to cause disease in livestock populations. Here, we show that despite an accumulation of low-frequency sequence variants over time, there is no evidence of significant antigenic variation leading to immune escape. Therefore, carrier buffalo are unlikely to be a major source of new virus variants.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00563-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T07:50:58Z","timestamp":1558597858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Persistent Infection of African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Limited Viral Evolution and No Evidence of Antibody Neutralization Escape"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1126-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00ed","family":"Cortey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Mari","family":"de Klerk-Lorist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Veterinary Services, Skukuza, Mpumalanga, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute-Transboundary Animal Disease Section (OVI-TAD), Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Freimanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Seago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5599-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Ribeca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"van Schalkwyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Veterinary Services, Skukuza, Mpumalanga, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas D.","family":"Juleff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois F.","family":"Maree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute-Transboundary Animal Disease Section (OVI-TAD), Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Charleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6487-6504.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01634-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(03)00041-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0636-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.14.3.855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.11.4.646"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(85)90004-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease and the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). 1. 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