{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:44:31Z","timestamp":1785426271285,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025YFD1800501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFD1800501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Traning Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province","award":["S202511117111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202511117111"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) primarily invades through the respiratory and intestinal mucosa, where type III interferons (IFN-\u03bb) play a pivotal role in local immunity. However, whether ASFV counteracts this IFN-\u03bb-mediated antiviral defense remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ASFV infection dampens IFN-\u03bb production, where the viral protein pM448R serves as a suppressor. Mechanistically, pM448R targets interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) for proteasomal degradation by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase STIP1 homology and U box-containing protein 1 (STUB1), which catalyzes K48-linked ubiquitination of IRF1. Moreover, infection with the M448R-deficient ASFV mutant leads to increased IRF1 protein stability and elevated expression of IRF1 target genes, including OAS1, OAS2, and ZBP1. Our findings reveal a novel immune evasion strategy whereby ASFV hijacks the host ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade IRF1, thereby subverting IRF1-dependent transcriptional programs, including IFN-\u03bb induction, to facilitate mucosal invasion.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) remains a major threat to the global swine industry. However, how the virus evades mucosal innate immunity at its portal of entry remains poorly understood. The transcription factor IRF1 serves as a central hub in mucosal antiviral defense, coordinating the expression of IFN-\u03bb and numerous other restriction factors. In this study, we identify pM448R as a viral antagonist that directs IRF1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, which reveals a novel mechanism by which ASFV destroys the mucosal immune barrier. These findings not only deepen our understanding of viral interference with IRF1-dependent defense pathways, but also provide potential insights for the development of live-attenuated vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00580-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:05:31Z","timestamp":1781010331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["African swine fever virus pM448R protein promotes STUB1-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of IRF1 to attenuate type III interferon induction"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0893-0184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tqb8s11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College 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