{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:39:17Z","timestamp":1787791157846,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25CA23944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25CA23944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272201400006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza viruses contribute to 290,000 to 650,000 deaths globally each year. Infection is studied in mice to learn how the virus causes sickness and to develop new drugs and vaccines. During experiments, scientists have needed to euthanize groups of mice at different times to measure the amount of infectious virus in mouse tissues. By inserting a foreign gene that causes infected cells to light up, scientists could see infection spread in living mice. Unfortunately, adding an extra gene not needed by the virus slowed it down and made it weaker. Here, we used a new strategy to restore the fitness and lethality of an influenza reporter virus; we adapted it to mouse lungs and selected for variants that had the greatest light signal. The adapted virus can be used to study influenza virus infection, immunology, and disease in living mice. The strategy can also be used to adapt other viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00593-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1528797574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Directed Evolution of an Influenza Reporter Virus To Restore Replication and Virulence and Enhance Noninvasive Bioluminescence Imaging in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meisui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arts and Sciences, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5683-3990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Memphis, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8080214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-11-2813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.5b00623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.05.088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1151","volume-title":"Fields virology","author":"Shaw ML","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaw ML, Palese P. 2013. Orthomyxoviridae, p 1151\u20131185. In Knipe DM, Howley PM (ed), Fields virology, 6th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00969-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02164-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M113.028688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02381-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v7102873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3369"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02490-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8070179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00046-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914994107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01433-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.037648-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(02)00047-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.11.9237-9246.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.16.10348-10355.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb3002478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00714-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01886-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2008.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-12-2843"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00159-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01694-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01327-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ajmb.2011.13017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2619511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401799101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289366a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11348-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03581-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01654-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Research Council Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 8th ed. The National Academies Press Washington DC. doi:10.17226\/12910.","DOI":"10.17226\/12910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-5-1027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00530-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.00593-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.00593-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T14:37:00Z","timestamp":1646491020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.00593-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Terence S.","family":"Dermody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.00593-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00593-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00593-18"}}