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Previous studies employing replication-defective adenovirus (rAd) vectors that transiently express SIV internal proteins induced T cell responses that controlled virus load but did not protect against virus challenge. However, we show for the first time that SIV\n            <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic>\n            delivered in a DNA prime followed by a boost with an rAd vector confers resistance to SIV intrarectal challenge. Other partially successful SIV\/HIV-1 protective vaccines induce antibody to the envelope and neutralize the virus or mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Induction of CD8 T cells which do not prevent initial infection but eradicate infected cells before infection becomes established has also shown some success. In contrast, the vaccine described here mediates resistance by a different mechanism from that described above, which may reflect CD4 T cell activity. This could indicate an alternative approach for HIV-1 vaccine development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00606-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T10:30:17Z","timestamp":1565692217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Vaccination of Macaques with DNA Followed by Adenoviral Vectors Encoding Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Gag Alone Delays Infection by Repeated Mucosal Challenge with SIV"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Almond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease 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