{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:58:28Z","timestamp":1790258308048,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006229","name":"DOE | LDRD | Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>In December 2016, a low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H7N2) virus was identified to be the causative source of an outbreak in a cat shelter in New York City, which subsequently spread to multiple shelters in the states of New York and Pennsylvania. One person with occupational exposure to infected cats became infected with the virus, representing the first LPAI H7N2 virus infection in a human in North America since 2003. Considering the close contact that frequently occurs between companion animals and humans, it was critical to assess the relative risk of this novel virus to public health. The virus isolated from the human case, A\/New York\/108\/2016 (NY\/108), caused mild and transient illness in ferrets and mice but did not transmit to naive cohoused ferrets following traditional or aerosol-based inoculation methods. The environmental persistence of NY\/108 virus was generally comparable to that of other LPAI H7N2 viruses. However, NY\/108 virus replicated in human bronchial epithelial cells with an increased efficiency compared with that of previously isolated H7N2 viruses. Furthermore, the novel H7N2 virus was found to utilize a relatively lower pH for hemagglutinin activation, similar to human influenza viruses. Our data suggest that the LPAI H7N2 virus requires further adaptation before representing a substantial threat to public health. However, the reemergence of an LPAI H7N2 virus in the northeastern United States underscores the need for continuous surveillance of emerging zoonotic influenza viruses inclusive of mammalian species, such as domestic felines, that are not commonly considered intermediate hosts for avian influenza viruses.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Avian influenza viruses are capable of crossing the species barrier to infect mammals, an event of public health concern due to the potential acquisition of a pandemic phenotype. In December 2016, an H7N2 virus caused an outbreak in cats in multiple animal shelters in New York State. This was the first detection of this virus in the northeastern United States in over a decade and the first documented infection of a felid with an H7N2 virus. A veterinarian became infected following occupational exposure to H7N2 virus-infected cats, necessitating the evaluation of this virus for its capacity to cause disease in mammals. While the H7N2 virus was associated with mild illness in mice and ferrets and did not spread well between ferrets, it nonetheless possessed several markers of virulence for mammals. These data highlight the promiscuity of influenza viruses and the need for diligent surveillance across multiple species to quickly identify an emerging strain with pandemic potential.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00672-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T00:40:30Z","timestamp":1495068030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Belser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna A.","family":"Pulit-Penaloza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Creager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence M.","family":"Tumpey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taronna R.","family":"Maines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/7621-042606R1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"National Veterinary Services Laboratory avian influenza and Newcastle disease activities FY 2007","author":"Senne D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Senne D . 2007. National Veterinary Services Laboratory avian influenza and Newcastle disease activities FY 2007. National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, IA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"284","article-title":"Update: influenza activity\u2014United States, 2003\u201304 season","volume":"53","author":"CDC","year":"2004","unstructured":"CDC. 2004. Update: influenza activity\u2014United States, 2003\u201304 season. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep53:284\u2013287.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1807.111913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2007. Avian influenza A\/(H7N2) outbreak in the United Kingdom. Euro Surveill12(22):pii=3206. http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=3206.","DOI":"10.2807\/esw.12.22.03206-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1909.130087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01646-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6606a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Avian influenza A (H7N2) in cats in animal shelters in NY; one human infection","author":"CDC","year":"2016","unstructured":"CDC. 2016. Avian influenza A (H7N2) in cats in animal shelters in NY; one human infection. CDC, Atlanta, GA. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/spotlights\/avian-influenza-cats.htm . Accessed 21 February 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01390.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.091737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"497","article-title":"Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection in a Canadian cat","volume":"57","author":"Knight CG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knight CG Davies JL Joseph T Ondrich S Rosa BV . 2016. Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection in a Canadian cat. Can Vet J57:497\u2013500.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"859","article-title":"Infection with A2 Hong Kong influenza virus in domestic cats","volume":"43","author":"Paniker CK","year":"1970","unstructured":"Paniker CK Nair CM . 1970. Infection with A2 Hong Kong influenza virus in domestic cats. Bull World Health Organ43:859\u2013862.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-015-3580-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01235-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00970-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801259105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100768108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01067-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605134103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00076-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(98)00075-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(05)03687-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Research Council. 2011. Environment, housing, and management (terrestrial housing). InGuide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01134-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.091087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02885-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82256-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03110-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524384113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00325.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-015-0285-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0809-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05415-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810368393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.2013.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"294","article-title":"Avian and human influenza A virus receptors in trachea and lung of animals","volume":"28","author":"Thongratsakul S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thongratsakul S Suzuki Y Hiramatsu H Sakpuaram T Sirinarumitr T Poolkhet C Moonjit P Yodsheewan R Songserm T . 2010. Avian and human influenza A virus receptors in trachea and lung of animals. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol28:294\u2013301.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.5.3567-3573.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1213362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.050526-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1802.111245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050466"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00058-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","volume-title":"Interim guidance for protection of persons involved in U.S. avian influenza outbreak disease control and eradication activities","author":"CDC","year":"2006","unstructured":"CDC. 2006. Interim guidance for protection of persons involved in U.S. avian influenza outbreak disease control and eradication activities. CDC, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/avian\/professional\/protect-guid.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","volume-title":"Guidelines and recommendations: prevention strategies for seasonal influenza in healthcare settings","author":"CDC","year":"2010","unstructured":"CDC. 2010. Guidelines and recommendations: prevention strategies for seasonal influenza in healthcare settings. CDC, Atlanta, GA. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/professionals\/infectioncontrol\/healthcaresettings.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252310000046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.033522-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2012.00379.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.18.11788-11800.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","first-page":"493","article-title":"A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed LJ","year":"1938","unstructured":"Reed LJ Muench HA . 1938. A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Hyg27:493\u2013497.","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall TA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hall TA . 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser41:95\u201398.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp Ser"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02069-09"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.00672-17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.00672-17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T14:24:05Z","timestamp":1646490245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.00672-17"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Terence S.","family":"Dermody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.00672-17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00672-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-04-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-05-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-07-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00672-17"}}