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Yet, it is unknown whether TGF-\u03b2 signaling in either immune compartment impacts HSV-1 replication and latency. We undertook genetic approaches to address these issues by infecting two different dominant negative TGF-\u03b2 receptor type II transgenic mouse lines. These mice have specific TGF-\u03b2 signaling blockades in either T cells or innate cells. Mice were ocularly infected with HSV-1 to evaluate the effects of restricted innate or adaptive TGF-\u03b2 signaling during acute and latent infections. Limiting innate cell but not T cell TGF-\u03b2 signaling reduced virus replication in the eyes of infected mice. On the other hand, blocking TGF-\u03b2 signaling in either innate cells or T cells resulted in decreased latency in the trigeminal ganglia of infected mice. Furthermore, inhibiting TGF-\u03b2 signaling in T cells reduced cell lysis and leukocyte infiltration in corneas and trigeminal ganglia during primary HSV-1 infection of mice. These findings strongly suggest that TGF-\u03b2 signaling, which generally functions to dampen immune responses, results in increased HSV-1 latency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00678-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T11:10:20Z","timestamp":1314875420000},"page":"11448-11456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Adaptive and Innate Transforming Growth Factor \u03b2 Signaling Impact Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Latency and Reactivation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Sariah J.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, CSMC\u2014SSB3, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin R.","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, CSMC\u2014SSB3, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Wechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California"},{"name":"The Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Flavell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence","family":"Town","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Regenerative Medicine Institute, CSMC, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homayon","family":"Ghiasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, CSMC\u2014SSB3, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.4.1900-1907.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.7.2581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02290-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01600-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2006.19.391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"HSV-induced apoptosis in herpes encephalitis","volume":"289","author":"Aurelian L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"AurelianL.. 2005. 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