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While AAV gene transfer research has predominantly focused on its utility in monogenic disorders, AAV vectors have been used as a platform for vaccines in over 50 preclinical studies over the last 25 years. Recombinant AAV-based vaccines have demonstrated induction and durability of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses in a variety of preclinical models. This mini-review serves as a comprehensive discussion of the basics of vaccine vector design and experimental considerations, highlighting engineering efforts to improve AAV vaccine efficacy, along with the known advantages and disadvantages of AAV-based vaccines from published pre-clinical studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00730-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T13:00:27Z","timestamp":1752498027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Teaching an old vector new tricks: the surprising versatility of AAV vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Winston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02r3e0967","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research 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