{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:36:51Z","timestamp":1773146211670,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Innate CD56\n                    <jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\n                    natural killer (NK) and natural T (NT) cells comprise important hepatic antiviral effector lymphocytes whose activity is fine-tuned through surface NK receptors (NKRs). Dysregulation of NKRs in patients with long-standing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been shown, but little is known regarding NKRs in acute infection. Treatment-nai\u0308ve patients with acute HCV (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22), including 10 with spontaneous recovery, were prospectively studied. CD56\n                    <jats:sup>pos<\/jats:sup>\n                    NT levels were reduced early in acute HCV infection and did not fluctuate over time. In resolving HCV infection, NT cells with a more activated phenotype (lower CD158A and higher natural cytotoxicity receptor expression) at baseline predated spontaneous recovery. Moreover, NKG2A expression on CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NT cells correlated directly with circulating HCV RNA levels. Deficient interleukin-13 (IL-13) production by NT cells and reduced IL-2-activated killing (LAK) at baseline were associated with the ultimate development of persistence. These results indicate a previously unappreciated role for NT cells in acute HCV infection and identify a potential target for pharmacologic manipulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00834-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,6]],"date-time":"2007-06-06T20:25:36Z","timestamp":1181161536000},"page":"9292-9298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Cytotoxic CD56\n                    <sup>pos<\/sup>\n                    Natural T Cells Determine Outcome of Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Lucy","family":"Golden-Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center"},{"name":"Integrated Program in Immunology, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center and National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Castelblanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cliona","family":"O'Farrelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education and Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo R.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center"},{"name":"Integrated Program in Immunology, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center and National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7534","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.12.7534","volume":"162","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bailer, R. 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