{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:28:40Z","timestamp":1791386920179,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>As an emerging swine enteric coronavirus, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) poses a severe threat to the global swine industry and has demonstrated potential for cross-species transmission. Therefore, the development of safe and effective vaccines is a top priority for the future prevention and control of PDCoV. In this study, we first designed and prepared an mRNA vaccine, S2P-mRNA\u2013LNP, that expresses the full-length S2P (E855P, V856P) protein of PDCoV. Animal experiments demonstrated that S2P-mRNA\u2013LNP induced significantly stronger humoral and cellular immune responses in mice than did an inactivated vaccine. Then, we introduced the P2A self-cleaving peptide into the S2P-mRNA\u2013LNP design, generating SMN-mRNA\u2013LNP, an LNP-encapsulated mRNA vaccine that allows the simultaneous expression of three major structural proteins of PDCoV (S, M, and N) from a single mRNA. The immunization of piglets demonstrated that both S2P-mRNA\u2013LNP and SMN-mRNA\u2013LNP induced robust humoral immune responses. Notably, SMN-mRNA\u2013LNP conferred significantly superior active immune protection in piglets (5\/5) than did S2P-mRNA-LNP (4\/5). Further immunization experiments in pregnant sows showed that piglets born to SMN-mRNA\u2013LNP-vaccinated sows acquired high levels of IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies through the ingestion of colostrum, conferring complete passive protection (5\/5). The protective efficacy of SMN-mRNA\u2013LNP was markedly superior to that of the inactivated vaccine. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that SMN-mRNA\u2013LNP is a novel and highly efficacious candidate vaccine against PDCoV. In addition, the design strategy of single mRNA-LNP simultaneously delivering multiple viral antigens in this study provides a new idea for the development of porcine intestinal coronavirus mRNA vaccine in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        In this study, we designed and developed a novel mRNA vaccine, SMN-mRNA\u2013LNP, capable of expressing the three major structural proteins (S, M, and N) of PDCoV from a single mRNA. This vaccine conferred superior active immune protection on piglets to that conferred by S2P-mRNA\u2013LNP expressing only the S protein. Furthermore, following the immunization of pregnant sows with SMN-mRNA\u2013LNP, their colostrum showed remarkably high IgA antibody titers reaching 1\u223610\n                        <jats:sup>5.4<\/jats:sup>\n                        , representing a 25-fold increase over that in the inactivated vaccine group. By suckling, newborn piglets acquired significantly greater passive immunity, which ultimately conferred complete protection against PDCoV challenge.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00849-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:48:10Z","timestamp":1754484490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Single self-cleaving mRNA vaccine expressing multiple viral structural proteins elicits robust immune responses and protects nursing piglets against PDCoV infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Ruiming","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01mkqqe32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary 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