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In this article, we report data concerning CA16-induced pathological changes, and we demonstrate that anti-CA16 antibody can protect mice against lethal challenge and that the neonatal mouse model could be used to evaluate vaccine efficacy. To establish a mouse model, a BJCA08\/CA16 strain (at 260 50% lethal doses [LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>]) was isolated from a patient and used to intracerebrally (i.c.) inoculate neonatal mice. The infection resulted in wasting, hind-limb paralysis, and even death. Pathological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining indicated that BJCA08 had a strong tropism to muscle and caused severe necrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscles. We then found that BJCA08 pretreated with goat anti-G10\/CA16 serum could significantly lose its lethal effect in neonatal mice. When the anti-G10 serum was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into the neonatal mice and, within 1 h, the same mice were intracerebrally inoculated with BJCA08, there was significant passive immunization protection. In a separate experiment, female mice were immunized with formaldehyde-inactivated G10\/CA16 and BJCA08\/CA16 and then allowed to mate 1 h after the first immunization. We found that there was significant protection against BJCA08 for neonatal mice born to the immunized dams. These data demonstrated that anti-CA16 antibody may block virus invasion and protect mice against lethal challenge, and that the neonatal mouse model was a viable tool for evaluating vaccine efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00902-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T04:41:50Z","timestamp":1346906510000},"page":"11967-11976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["A Neonatal Mouse Model of Coxsackievirus A16 for Vaccine Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Qunying","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhui","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hualan Biological Engineering Inc., Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panyong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenglun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"R81","article-title":"Epidemiological, virological, and clinical features of an epidemic of hand, foot, and mouth disease in England and Wales","volume":"6","author":"Bendig JW","year":"1996","unstructured":"BendigJW FlemingDM. 1996. 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