{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:53:58Z","timestamp":1785405238237,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFA0920001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA0920001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFA0920002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA0920002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82025001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82025001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82495203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82495203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a global public health concern. Currently, RSV vaccines are approved only for use in older adults, while preventing the disease in infants and children, as well as ensuring vaccine durability, remains a significant challenge. The pre-fusion conformation of the RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein is a primary target for vaccine development, as it elicits significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers than the post-fusion form. Here, we conjugated either the first-generation RSV pre-fusion F antigen, DS-Cav1, or the second-generation antigen, Sc9-10, to a computationally designed nanoparticle platform, NPM, via a Catcher\/Tag system. Conjugating RSV pre-fusion F to NPM significantly enhanced immunogenicity, stability, and bioactivity compared to display on the I53-50 nanoparticle platform. In a cotton rat challenge model, Sc9-10-NPM vaccine candidates provided effective protection across a wide dosage range, regardless of the adjuvant used. These results support the continued development of this promising nanoparticle-based RSV vaccine candidate.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory illness in infants and young children worldwide, yet few vaccines are approved for use in these vulnerable groups. In this study, we developed a new vaccine candidate based on a second-generation RSV pre-fusion F protein, engineered for improved stability and immune response. This protein was displayed on a specially designed nanoparticle platform to enhance its effectiveness and durability. The vaccine elicited strong immune responses and provided complete protection in preclinical models, even without the use of potent adjuvants that may cause side effects. Importantly, it did not trigger adverse vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). These findings suggest that this vaccine design could offer a safer and more effective way to protect infants and other at-risk populations from RSV. Additionally, the nanoparticle platform may be applicable to vaccines against other infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00903-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T13:00:33Z","timestamp":1756213233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nanoparticle vaccine based on the pre-fusion F glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus elicits robust protective immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Zhulong","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03a60m280","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z0j0d77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z0j0d77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ybmxt82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Guangzhou National Laboratory, Bio-Island","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z0j0d77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pz4ws32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z0j0d77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z0j0d77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pz4ws32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanfeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunping","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2479-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pz4ws32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2515-5589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jincun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z0j0d77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ybmxt82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Guangzhou National Laboratory, Bio-Island","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030bhh786","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9143-8029","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9692-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01012-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3289-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00478-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8368-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38919-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115941109"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2023.101337"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243283"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3267"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209604"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213836"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1681"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-022-1608-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01425-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8818"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5010006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234914"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164789"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307079"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2024.2382725"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12101259"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2216480"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1557522"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1516552"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2024.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1419634"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54287-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade6422"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116154"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.00903-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.00903-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T21:51:23Z","timestamp":1758664283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jvi.00903-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jvi.00903-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00903-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00903-25"}}