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Approximately 260 million people are chronically infected with HBV and under an increased risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Host immune responses, particularly HBV-specific CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell responses, largely determine the outcome of HBV infection. It is widely accepted that antigen inexperienced CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells should be initially activated by professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPCs) in lymphoid tissues to differentiate into effector CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells. However, this notion has not been tested for HBV-specific CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells. In this study, we show that HBV-specific CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell responses can be induced in the liver. Surprisingly, antigen presentation by hepatocytes is more important than cross-presentation by hematopoietic cells for the induction of HBV-specific CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell responses. These results revealed a previously unappreciated role of antigen presentation by hepatocytes in the induction of HBV-specific CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell responses.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00920-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T09:43:37Z","timestamp":1533635017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Intrahepatic Cross-Presentation and Hepatocellular Antigen Presentation Play Distinct Roles in the Induction of Hepatitis B Virus-Specific CD8\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            T Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Murata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and 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