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In this study, based on the full-length infectious cDNA clone of the well-known Japanese encephalitis virus live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 as a backbone, a novel chimeric dengue virus (named ChinDENV) was rationally designed and constructed by replacement with the premembrane and envelope genes of dengue 2 virus. The recovered chimeric virus showed growth and plaque properties similar to those of the parental DENV in mammalian and mosquito cells. ChinDENV was highly attenuated in mice, and no viremia was induced in rhesus monkeys upon subcutaneous inoculation. ChinDENV retained its genetic stability and attenuation phenotype after serial 15 passages in cultured cells. A single immunization with various doses of ChinDENV elicited strong neutralizing antibodies in a dose-dependent manner. When vaccinated monkeys were challenged with wild-type DENV, all animals except one that received the lower dose were protected against the development of viremia. Furthermore, immunization with ChinDENV conferred efficient cross protection against lethal JEV challenge in mice in association with robust cellular immunity induced by the replicating nonstructural proteins. Taken together, the results of this preclinical study well demonstrate the great potential of ChinDENV for further development as a dengue vaccine candidate, and this kind of chimeric flavivirus based on JE vaccine virus represents a powerful tool to deliver foreign antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00931-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]],"date-time":"2013-10-10T15:49:00Z","timestamp":1381420140000},"page":"13694-13705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["A Chimeric Dengue Virus Vaccine using Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Strain SA14-14-2 as Backbone Is Immunogenic and Protective against Either Parental Virus in Mice and Nonhuman Primates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Qiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Qiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co. 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