{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:10:59Z","timestamp":1783692659488,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief","award":["5U2GGH000372-02W1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U2GGH000372-02W1"]}]},{"name":"South AfriNational Research Foundation&apos;s Center of Excellence in HIV Prevention","award":["96354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96354"]}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["R01HD083343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD083343"]}]},{"name":"CAPRISA, The United States Agency for International Development, and FHI","award":["co-operative agreement #GPO-A00- 405 00022-00 contract # 132119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["co-operative agreement #GPO-A00- 405 00022-00 contract # 132119"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            There is variability in viral load (VL) among individuals with untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and this variability can be partly attributed to host genetics. HIV is known to develop escape mutations to evade host immune pressure, particularly from HLA alleles and, in some cases, counteracts the protective effect of host alleles. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of HIV VL in individuals of African ancestry identified a locus on chromosome 1, near the protein-coding gene chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 like (\n            <jats:italic>CHD1L<\/jats:italic>\n            ), that has a novel association with control of HIV replication. However, not all individuals carrying the protective alleles maintain low VL, and the region\u2019s impact on viral evolution has not been investigated. To address this, we conducted a host-virus regional association analysis in 147 people living with HIV (PLWH) from South Africa with both human and viral genome data available. We observed significant associations between the\n            <jats:italic>CHD1L<\/jats:italic>\n            variants rs77029719 (G) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1.6 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            ), rs7519713 (T) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 2.3 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            ), and rs59784663 (G) and 73004025 (T) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1.4 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            ) with codon 248 of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) and between\n            <jats:italic>CHD1L<\/jats:italic>\n            variant rs7519713 (T) and codon 18 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 3.2 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and 147 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 3.9 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            ) of HIV gag. These associations are consistent with viral escape from CHD1L pressure. In addition, we observed significant associations between\n            <jats:italic>HLA B*81<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1.5 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and\n            <jats:italic>HLA C*18<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 7.0 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n            ) with RT codon 4 and\n            <jats:italic>HLAB*58<\/jats:italic>\n            with RT codon 196 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 9.0 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n            ). This study reveals new evidence of host genetic variation impacting viral evolution in a population highly affected by HIV.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              It has been previously shown that genetic variants near\n              <jats:italic>CHD1L<\/jats:italic>\n              on chromosome 1 are associated with reduced HIV VL in African populations. However, the impact of these variants on viral diversity and how they restrict viral replication are unknown. We report on a regional association analysis in a South African population and show evidence of selective pressure by variants near\n              <jats:italic>CHD1L<\/jats:italic>\n              on HIV RT and gag. Our findings provide further insight into how genetic variability at this locus contributes to host control of HIV in a South African population.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00954-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T13:09:32Z","timestamp":1695647372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Host genetic variation at a locus near CHD1L impacts HIV sequence diversity in a South African population"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5925-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa E.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Sexually Transmitted and Bloodborne Infections Division, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey F.","family":"Tuff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted and Bloodborne Infections Division, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riley H.","family":"Tough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Sexually Transmitted and Bloodborne Infections Division, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa , Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Chimukangara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa , Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Virology, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa , Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quarraisha","family":"Abdool Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa , Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim S.","family":"Abdool Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa , Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyle R.","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa , Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha B. 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