{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:18:43Z","timestamp":1790842723515,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]],"date-time":"2015-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of an often lethal disease of domestic pigs. Disease control strategies have been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines against ASFV. Since its introduction in the Republic of Georgia, a highly virulent virus, ASFV Georgia 2007 (ASFV-G), has caused an epizootic that spread rapidly into Eastern European countries. Currently no vaccines are available or under development to control ASFV-G. In the past, genetically modified ASFVs harboring deletions of virulence-associated genes have proven attenuated in swine, inducing protective immunity against challenge with homologous parental viruses. Deletion of the gene<jats:italic>9GL<\/jats:italic>(open reading frame [ORF] B119L) in highly virulent ASFV Malawi-Lil-20\/1 produced an attenuated phenotype even when administered to pigs at 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>50% hemadsorption doses (HAD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>). Here we report the construction of a genetically modified ASFV-G strain (ASFV-G-\u03949GLv) harboring a deletion of the<jats:italic>9GL<\/jats:italic>(B119L) gene. Like Malawi-Lil-20\/1-\u03949GL, ASFV-G-\u03949GL showed limited replication in primary swine macrophages. However, intramuscular inoculation of swine with 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>HAD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of ASFV-G-\u03949GL produced a virulent phenotype that, unlike Malawi-Lil-20\/1-\u03949GL, induced a lethal disease in swine like parental ASFV-G. Interestingly, lower doses (10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>to 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>HAD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of ASFV-G-\u03949GL did not induce a virulent phenotype in swine and when challenged protected pigs against disease. A dose of 10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>HAD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of ASFV-G-\u03949GLv conferred partial protection when pigs were challenged at either 21 or 28 days postinfection (dpi). An ASFV-G-\u03949GL HAD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>conferred partial and complete protection at 21 and 28 dpi, respectively. The information provided here adds to our recent report on the first attempts toward experimental vaccines against ASFV-G.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>The main problem for controlling ASF is the lack of vaccines. Studies on ASFV virulence lead to the production of genetically modified attenuated viruses that induce protection in pigs but only against homologous virus challenges. Here we produced a recombinant ASFV lacking virulence-associated gene<jats:italic>9GL<\/jats:italic>in an attempt to produce a vaccine against virulent ASFV-G, a highly virulent virus isolate detected in the Caucasus region in 2007 and now spreading though the Caucasus region and Eastern Europe. Deletion of<jats:italic>9GL<\/jats:italic>, unlike with other ASFV isolates, did not attenuate completely ASFV-G. However, when delivered once at low dosages, recombinant ASFV-G-\u03949GL induces protection in swine against parental ASFV-G. The protection against ASFV-G is highly effective after 28 days postvaccination, whereas at 21 days postvaccination, animals survived the lethal challenge but showed signs of ASF. Here we report the design and development of an experimental vaccine that induces protection against virulent ASFV-G.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00969-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]],"date-time":"2015-06-11T11:28:11Z","timestamp":1434022091000},"page":"8556-8566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["African Swine Fever Virus Georgia 2007 with a Deletion of Virulence-Associated Gene<i>9GL<\/i>(B119L), when Administered at Low Doses, Leads to Virus Attenuation in Swine and Induces an Effective Protection against Homologous Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Vivian","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CAHNR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren G.","family":"Holinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Krug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Gladue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CAHNR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolene","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenton","family":"Sanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marialexia","family":"Alfano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Arzt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Innovation, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consuelo","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APHIS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo R.","family":"Risatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CAHNR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel V.","family":"Borca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"African swine fever virus","volume":"328","author":"Tulman ER","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tulman ER, Delhon GA, Ku BK, Rock DL. 2009. African swine fever virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 328:43\u201387.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1704.101283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"African swine fever virus","volume":"18","author":"Coggins L","year":"1974","unstructured":"Coggins L. 1974. African swine fever virus. Pathogenesis Prog Med Virol 18:48\u201363.","journal-title":"Pathogenesis Prog Med Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2343-3_10","volume-title":"African swine fever","author":"Kihm U","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kihm U, Ackerman M, Mueller H, Pool R. 1987. Approaches to vaccination, p 127\u2013144. In Becker Y (ed), African swine fever. 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