{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:59:22Z","timestamp":1791932362579,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI174584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI174584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>The H5N1 strain of influenza A virus (IAV) continues to cause severe infections in a range of avian and mammalian species, including sporadic but concerning cases in humans. There is growing concern that circulating H5N1 strains could lead to widespread human outbreaks. Research with highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses is restricted to Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine vectors expressing heterologous viral proteins from Ebola, SARS-CoV-2, Lassa virus, etc., have previously been shown to be safe and effective in animal models and human clinical trials. Here, we report the development of a recombinant VSV expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of H5N1 IAV (H5N1-VSV), which serves as a versatile platform to study various aspects of H5N1 IAV biology. H5N1-VSV replicated robustly to titers comparable to those of the full H5N1 virus in multiple cell lines. In mice, H5N1-VSV vaccination was safe, elicited strong immunity, and conferred protection against a circulating H5N1 strain. Notably, we found that polymorphisms in antigenic site Sa of circulating strains emerged under immune selection pressure in cattle, resembling the evolution of pandemic IAV in humans. These findings suggest that H5N1-VSV can serve as a safe, adaptable platform for influenza research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00975-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T13:00:25Z","timestamp":1754658025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A versatile H5N1-VSV platform for safe influenza virus research applications"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Boopathi","family":"Sownthirarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayathri","family":"Loganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senthamizharasi","family":"Manivasagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3119-0869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rohit K.","family":"Jangra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03151rh82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport","place":["Shreveport, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene S.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute","place":["La Jolla, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0168r3w48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego","place":["La Jolla, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0168r3w48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego","place":["La Jolla, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6569-5689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00te3t702","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia","place":["Athens, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1964-0967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Balaji","family":"Manicassamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.5.3723-3732.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00969-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02556-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08254-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32621-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00419-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2017.0129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20171505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00389-25"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.00975-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.00975-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T21:51:17Z","timestamp":1758664277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jvi.00975-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stacey","family":"Schultz-Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jvi.00975-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00975-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00975-25"}}