{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:52:53Z","timestamp":1791251573462,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]],"date-time":"2015-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Certain members of the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Arenaviridae<\/jats:named-content>family are category A agents capable of causing severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Specific antiviral treatments do not exist, and the only commonly used drug, ribavirin, has limited efficacy and can cause severe side effects. The discovery and development of new antivirals are inhibited by the biohazardous nature of the viruses, making them a relatively poorly understood group of human pathogens. We therefore adapted a reverse-genetics minigenome (MG) rescue system based on Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, for high-throughput screening (HTS). The MG rescue system recapitulates all stages of the virus life cycle and enables screening of small-molecule libraries under biosafety containment level 2 (BSL2) conditions. The HTS resulted in the identification of four candidate compounds with potent activity against a broad panel of arenaviruses, three of which were completely novel. The target for all 4 compounds was the stage of viral entry, which positions the compounds as potentially important leads for future development.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>The arenavirus family includes several members that are highly pathogenic, causing acute viral hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality rates. No specific effective treatments exist, and although a vaccine is available for Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, it is licensed for use only in areas where Argentine hemorrhagic fever is endemic. For these reasons, it is important to identify specific compounds that could be developed as antivirals against these deadly viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00997-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]],"date-time":"2015-06-04T11:25:31Z","timestamp":1433417131000},"page":"8428-8443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Novel Arenavirus Entry Inhibitors Discovered by Using a Minigenome Rescue System for High-Throughput Drug Screening"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jessica Y.","family":"Rathbun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali E.","family":"Droniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Damoiseaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin G.","family":"Haworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill E.","family":"Henley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin M.","family":"Exline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeryun","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1791","volume-title":"Fields virology","author":"Buchmeier MJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buchmeier MJ, Peters CJ, De la Torre JC. 2007. Arenaviridae: the viruses and their replication, p 1791\u20131828. In Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE, Lamb RA, Martin MA, Roizman B, Straus SE (ed), Fields virology, 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3028-2_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1803.111602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"567","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological patterns of Argentine haemorrhagic fever","volume":"52","author":"Maiztegui JI","year":"1975","unstructured":"Maiztegui JI. 1975. Clinical and epidemiological patterns of Argentine haemorrhagic fever. Bull World Health Organ 52:567\u2013575.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Candid#1 vaccine against Argentine hemorrhagic fever produced in Argentina. Immunogenicity and safety","volume":"70","author":"Enria DA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enria DA, Ambrosio AM, Briggiler AM, Feuillade MR, Crivelli E, Study Group on Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever Vaccine. 2010. Candid#1 vaccine against Argentine hemorrhagic fever produced in Argentina. Immunogenicity and safety. Medicina (B Aires) 70:215\u2013222. (In Spanish.)","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(94)90030-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories","author":"Wilson DE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilson DE, Chosewood LC (ed). 2009. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories, 5th ed. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/biosafety\/publications\/bmbl5\/BMBL.pdf. Accessed 4 February 2015.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.9.4129-4138.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05616-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00276-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.8.3470-3477.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.7.4425-4433.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.24.13793-13803.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00138-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90610-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc15a01s8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108705719900400206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2004.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01397-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01112-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.4.628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)60600-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02636-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(01)00407-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.1.413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00999-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00614-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.20.11443-11448.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01012-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)09549-7","article-title":"Tetrandrine, a Ca++ antagonist: effects and mechanisms of action in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"273","author":"Liu QY","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liu QY, Li B, Gang JM, Karpinski E, Pang PK. 1995. Tetrandrine, a Ca++ antagonist: effects and mechanisms of action in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 273:32\u201339.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1258758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00856-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02701-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709254105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.10.5140-5146.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02574-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.02.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02053-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.196428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2005.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-005-5843-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01140-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00642-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02410-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00941-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802089200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(89)90086-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.162073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00952-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01321064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.20303"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.00997-15","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.00997-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T09:36:58Z","timestamp":1748425018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.00997-15"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"T. S.","family":"Dermody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.00997-15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00997-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-04-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-05-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-07-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}