{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:05:37Z","timestamp":1790975137157,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32430102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32430102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32373024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Pathogen evolution and narrow vaccine coverage urgently demand broad-spectrum\n                        vaccines. This review explores two pivotal technological fronts: structural\n                        biology- and immunoinformatics-guided antigen design, and utilizing\n                        nanoparticle-based delivery systems to induce broad immune responses. We\n                        critically analyze four antigen optimization strategies: (i) structure-based\n                        antigen design, (ii) conserved epitope targeting, (iii) consensus\n                        sequence-based antigen engineering, and (iv) chimeric immunogen design.\n                        Additionally, the common types and characteristics of nanoparticles are\n                        described briefly. Subsequently, we delve into cutting-edge applications of\n                        nanoparticles to enhance immune protection, including mosaic and cocktail\n                        nanoparticle vaccines, surface-modified targeting strategies, and the\n                        integration of mRNA technology with virus-like particles (VLPs). In\n                        conclusion, this review synthesizes risk-benefit analyses of existing\n                        strategies, current challenges, and emerging opportunities, offering\n                        practical frameworks to facilitate broad-spectrum vaccine innovation and\n                        enhance pandemic preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00997-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T13:01:22Z","timestamp":1757682082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Broad-spectrum vaccines against various and evolving viruses: from                    antigen design to nanoparticle delivery"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Mengxiang","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanjie","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4880-5687","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hua-Ji","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0518-9336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00847-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2020.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.03.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523303113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28931-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811980115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2622-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2036242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00792-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.4c00722"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56302-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03200-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2021.152053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01652-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.175461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo3332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00938-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-019-0126-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi4506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2231573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00326-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02210-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2406434121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01956-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac4241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade6422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30222-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12091063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brunette N Weidle C Wrenn SP Fiala B Ravichandran R Carr KD Zak SE Zumbrun EE Bakken RR Murphy M Chan S Skotheim R Borst AJ Carter L Correnti CE Dye JM Baker D King NP Stewart LJ. 2025. A multivalent pan-ebolavirus nanoparticle vaccine provides protection in rodents from lethal infection by adapted Zaire and Sudan viruses. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101\/2025.01.29.635581","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.29.635581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"FDA. 2024. Imbalance in severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases in a clinical trial of an RSV vaccine in infants and young children. Vaccines and related biological products advisory committee meeting (VRBPAC). Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/184380\/download"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2024.106998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2025.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00855-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c03075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45050-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54384-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56114-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115760"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000639"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01206-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00945.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.27316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01710-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.633706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.915364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03514-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00728-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45495-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01660-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade4790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202301034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b02805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq0839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2389115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hendricks GG Grigoryan L Navarro MJ Catanzaro NJ Hubbard ML Powers JM Mattocks M Treichel C Walls AC Lee J et al.. 2024. Computationally designed mRNA-launched protein nanoparticle vaccines. bioRxiv:2024.07.22.604655. doi:10.1101\/2024.07.22.604655","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.22.604655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01574-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2305896120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-024-01208-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2017.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2025.2508517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9010033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm100877q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9040403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c01239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-017-0006-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00790-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8818"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50133-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fan C Keeffe JR Malecek KE Cohen AA West AP Baharani VA Rorick AV Gao H Gnanapragasam PNP Rho S Alvarez J Segovia LN Hatziioannou T Bieniasz PD Bjorkman PJ. 2025. Cross-reactive sarbecovirus antibodies induced by mosaic RBD-nanoparticles. bioRxiv:2025.01.02.631145. doi:10.1101\/2025.01.02.631145","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.02.631145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01655-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12040371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307800120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00656-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01563-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307798120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c00304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","first-page":"493","article-title":"Nano-particle vaccination combined with\n                        TLR-7 and -9 ligands triggers memory and effector CD8+ T-cell\n                        responses in melanoma patients","volume":"46","author":"Goldinger SM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldinger SM, Dummer R, Baumgaertner P, Mihic-Probst D, Schwarz K, Hammann-Haenni A, Willers J, Geldhof C, Prior JO, K\u00fcndig TM, Michielin O, Bachmann MF, Speiser DE. 2016. Nano-particle vaccination combined with TLR-7 and -9 ligands triggers memory and effector CD8+ T-cell responses in melanoma patients. Eur J Immunol 46:493.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.12.985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202414991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01343-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c12821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c03243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c09053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01775-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.10.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.765034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-025-01099-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01765-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c00155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.023"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.00997-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.00997-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T13:16:22Z","timestamp":1761225382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jvi.00997-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Herman W.","family":"Favoreel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jvi.00997-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00997-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00997-25"}}