{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:13:25Z","timestamp":1791101605781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes an acute, viremic infection of 4 to 6 weeks, followed by a persistent infection lasting for several months. We characterized antibody and B-cell responses to viral proteins in acute and persistent infection to better understand the immunological basis of the prolonged infection. The humoral immune response to PRRSV was robust overall and varied among individual viral proteins, with the important exception of a delayed and relatively weak response to envelope glycoprotein 5 (GP5). Memory B cells were in secondary lymphoid organs, not in bone marrow or Peyer's patches, in contrast to the case for many mammalian species. Potent anti-PRRSV memory responses were elicited to recall antigen in vitro, even though a second infection did not increase the B-cell response in vivo, suggesting that productive reinfection does not occur in vivo. Antibody titers to several viral proteins decline over time, even though abundant antigen is known to be present in lymphoid tissues, possibly indicating ineffective antigen presentation. The appearance of antibodies to GP5 is delayed relative to the resolution of viremia, suggesting that anti-GP5 antibodies are not crucial for resolving viremia. Lastly, viral infection had no immunosuppressive effect on the humoral response to a second, unrelated antigen. Taking these data together, the active effector and memory B-cell responses to PRRSV are robust, and over time the humoral immune response to PRRSV is effective. However, the delayed response against GP5 early in infection may contribute to the prolonged acute infection and the establishment of persistence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01023-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T01:04:48Z","timestamp":1192669488000},"page":"358-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Antigen-Specific B-Cell Responses to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Prasad","family":"Mulupuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Paul","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanqin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Dee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Murtaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(03)00045-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10834-10837.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00922.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/505","volume":"15","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baker, R. B., W. Yu, M. Fuentes, C. R. Johnson, L. Peterson, K. Rossow, C. S. Daniels, A. M. Daniels, D. Polson, and M. P. Murtaugh. 2007. Prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) is not a host for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J. Swine Health Prod.15:22-29.","journal-title":"J. Swine Health Prod."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"196","volume":"66","year":"2002","unstructured":"Batista, L., S. A. Dee, K. D. Rossow, J. Deen, and C. Pijoan. 2002. Assessing the duration of persistence and shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a large population of breeding-age gilts. Can. J. Vet. Res.66:196-200.","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"267","volume":"68","year":"2004","unstructured":"Batista, L., C. Pijoan, S. Dee, M. Olin, T. Molitor, H. S. Joo, Z. Xiao, and M. Murtaugh. 2004. Virological and immunological responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a large population of gilts. Can. J. Vet. Res.68:267-273.","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2000.00305.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(92)90182-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"261","volume":"65","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bierk, M. D., S. A. Dee, K. D. Rossow, S. Otake, J. E. Collins, and T. W. Molitor. 2001. Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from persistently infected sows to contact controls. Can. J. Vet. Res.65:261-266.","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.132.24.598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60022-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.17.1.1096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/343","volume":"10","year":"2002","unstructured":"Christopher-Hennings, J., K. S. Faaberg, M. P. Murtaugh, E. A. Nelson, M. B. Roof, E. M. Vaughn, K. J. Yoon, and J. J. Zimmerman. 2002. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) diagnostics: interpretations and limitations. J. Swine Health Prod.10:213-218.","journal-title":"J. Swine Health Prod."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870101300207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2003.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2003.00041.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.146.8.211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.9.4312-4320.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"27","volume":"31","year":"2000","unstructured":"Drew, T. W. 2000. A review of evidence for immunosuppression due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet. Res.31:27-39.","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5331-1_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.4520-4523.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088282402320914502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00013-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82587-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01332-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"1327","volume":"81","year":"2000","unstructured":"Labarque, G. G., H. J. Nauwynck, K. Van Reeth, and M. B. Pensaert. 2000. Effect of cellular changes and onset of humoral immunity on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the lungs of pigs. J. Gen. Virol.81:1327-1334.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00159-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1999.60.08.1022","volume":"60","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lager, K. M., W. L. Mengeling, and S. L. Brockmeier. 1999. Evaluation of protective immunity in gilts inoculated with the NADC-8 isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and challenge-exposed with an antigenically distinct PRRSV isolate. Am. J. Vet. Res.60:1022-1027.","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00160-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00335-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088282403322396181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01718333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)80029-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1999.60.07.796","volume":"60","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mengeling, W. L., K. M. Lager, and A. C. Vorwald. 1999. Safety and efficacy of vaccination of pregnant gilts against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Am. J. Vet. Res.60:796-801.","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01327-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088282402320914485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/421","volume":"13","year":"2005","unstructured":"Opriessnig, T., F. J. Pallares, D. Nilubol, A. L. Vincent, E. L. Thacker, E. M. Vaughn, M. Roof, and P. G. Halbur. 2005. Genomic homology of ORF 5 gene sequence between modified live vaccine virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus challenge isolates is not predictive of vaccine efficacy. J. Swine Health Prod.13:246-253.","journal-title":"J. Swine Health Prod."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.9.4241-4250.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2005.18.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-002-0887-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","first-page":"497","volume":"81","year":"2000","unstructured":"Samsom, J. N., T. G. de Bruin, J. J. Voermans, J. J. Meulenberg, J. M. Pol, and A. T. Bianchi. 2000. Changes of leukocyte phenotype and function in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: a role for CD8+ cells. J. Gen. Virol.81:497-505.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80541-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.3.1895-1902.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1325-4_101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.15.8207-8215.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.58-62.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01337-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18957-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-002-0897-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5923-5933.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01229.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01023-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01023-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T18:45:02Z","timestamp":1737485102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.01023-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.01023-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01023-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-05-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-10-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}