{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:31:28Z","timestamp":1789425088464,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BBS\/E\/I\/00001524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/I\/00001524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious bronchitis remains a major problem in the global poultry industry, despite the existence of many different vaccines. IBV vaccines, both live attenuated and inactivated, are currently grown on embryonated hen's eggs, a cumbersome and expensive process due to the fact that most IBV strains do not grow in cultured cells. The reverse genetics system for IBV creates the opportunity for generating rationally designed and more effective vaccines. The observation that IBV Beaudette has the additional tropism for growth on Vero cells also invokes the possibility of generating IBV vaccines produced from cultured cells rather than by the use of embryonated eggs. The regions of the IBV Beaudette S glycoprotein involved in the determination of extended cellular tropism were identified in this study. This information will enable the rational design of a future generation of IBV vaccines that may be grown on Vero cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01044-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T07:52:42Z","timestamp":1531813962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["The S2 Subunit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Beaudette Is a Determinant of Cellular Tropism"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4012-1283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Bickerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena J.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phoebe","family":"Stevenson-Leggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Armesto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0547-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450500367682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Diseases of poultry","author":"Cavanagh D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cavanagh D, Gelb J, Jr. 2008. Infectious bronchitis, p 117\u2013135. In Saif YM (ed), Diseases of poultry, 12th ed. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA.","edition":"12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660903541378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.566260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Diseases of poultry","author":"Cavanagh D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cavanagh D, Naqi S. 2003. Infectious bronchitis, p 101\u2013119. In Saif YM, Barnes HJ, Glisson JR, Fadly AM, McDougald LR, Swayne DE (ed), Diseases of poultry, 11th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.","edition":"11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Coronaviruses: molecular and cellular biology","author":"Britton P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Britton P, Cavanagh D. 2007. Avian coronavirus diseases and infectious bronchitis vaccine development, p 161\u2013181. In Thiel V (ed), Coronaviruses: molecular and cellular biology. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.24.13804-13811.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1591367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459308418945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086(2002)046[0847:NIBIPC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Nidoviruses","author":"Britton P","year":"2008","unstructured":"Britton P, Cavanagh D. 2008. Nidovirus genome organization and expression mechanisms, p 29\u201346. In Perlman S, Gallagher T, Snijder EJ (ed), Nidoviruses. ASM Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smvy.1997.0104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60286-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.11.5367-5375.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5823-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.16.8801-8811.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.6048-6054.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.56.3.904-911.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-69-12-2939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-71-9-1929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90608-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.2.830-840.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00959-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708727114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.7.4773-4777.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408782200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi061686w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403760200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02433-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406128102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(87)90422-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400759200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.043547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.131.2.339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.9.7441-7452.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.9.5403-5410.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.4.2530-2538.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.9.4552-4560.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/357417a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/357420a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.12.8669-8674.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.13.5533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00566-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403812101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00315-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81651-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05112-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450802632049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086(2007)051[0045:HSIASA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00613-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809524106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1407087111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.9.7607-7618.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01568-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-16-3-423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01348027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.16.9084-9089.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.24.12359-12369.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-181-9_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"The large-scale cultivation of VERO cells in micro-carrier culture for virus vaccine production. Preliminary results for killed poliovirus vaccine","volume":"47","author":"Montagnon BJ","year":"1981","unstructured":"Montagnon BJ, Fanget B, Nicolas AJ. 1981. The large-scale cultivation of VERO cells in micro-carrier culture for virus vaccine production. Preliminary results for killed poliovirus vaccine. Dev Biol Stand 47:55\u201364.","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.8.5519-5524.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00301-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01242547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","first-page":"140","article-title":"Infectious bronchitis","volume":"12","author":"Van Roekel H","year":"1951","unstructured":"Van Roekel H, Clarke MK, Bullis KL, Olesiuk OM, Sperling FG. 1951. Infectious bronchitis. Am J Vet Res 12:140\u2013146.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Cultivation of the virus of infectious bronchitis","volume":"90","author":"Beaudette FR","year":"1937","unstructured":"Beaudette FR, Hudson CB. 1937. Cultivation of the virus of infectious bronchitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 90:51\u201360.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(86)90037-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.12.8660-8668.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-3-791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","first-page":"106","article-title":"Avian infectious bronchitis","volume":"14","author":"Cunningham CH","year":"1970","unstructured":"Cunningham CH. 1970. Avian infectious bronchitis. Adv Vet Sci 14:106\u2013148.","journal-title":"Adv Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","first-page":"546","volume-title":"Immunity to infections of the respiratory system in man and animals","author":"Cunningham CH","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cunningham CH. 1975. Immunity to avian infectious bronchitis, p 546\u2013562. In Perkins FT, Regamey RH (ed), Immunity to infections of the respiratory system in man and animals, vol 28. Karger, London, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","unstructured":"Bickerton E. 2011. PhD thesis. University of Warwick United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Reverse genetics of RNA viruses: applications and perspectives","author":"Armesto M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Armesto M, Bentley K, Bickerton E, Keep S, Britton P. 2012. Coronavirus reverse genetics, p 27\u201363. In Bridgen A (ed), Reverse genetics of RNA viruses: applications and perspectives. Wiley-Blackwell Press, Oxford, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-68-1-57"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.24.4992"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01044-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01044-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T09:38:20Z","timestamp":1646473100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.01044-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.01044-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01044-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01044-18"}}