{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:14:46Z","timestamp":1790900086417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,15]],"date-time":"2007-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1168819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Two\nstrains of Punta Toro virus (PTV), isolated from febrile humans in\nPanama, cause a differential pathogenesis in Syrian hamsters, which\ncould be a useful model for understanding the virulence characteristics\nand differential outcomes in other phleboviral infections such as Rift\nValley fever virus. Genetic reassortants produced between the lethal\nAdames (A\/A\/A) and nonlethal Balliet (B\/B\/B) strains were used in this\nstudy to investigate viral genetic determinants for pathogenesis and\nlethality in the hamster model. The S segment was revealed to be a\ncritical genome segment, determining lethality with log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            50% lethal doses for each PTV genotype as follows (L\/M\/S convention):\nA\/A\/A, &lt;0.7; B\/A\/A, &lt;0.7; A\/B\/A, 1.5; B\/B\/A, 2.2;\nB\/A\/B, 4.7; A\/B\/B, &gt;4.7; A\/A\/B, &gt;4.7; B\/B\/B,&gt;\n4.7. In addition, the Adames strain inhibits the induction of\nalpha\/beta interferon (IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2) in vivo and in vitro\nand inhibits the activation of the IFN-\u03b2 promoter. Expression\nof the PTV Adames NSs protein, encoded by the S RNA segment, inhibited\nthe virus-mediated induction of an IFN-\u03b2 promoter-driven\nreporter gene, suggesting that PTV NSs functions as a type I IFN\nantagonist. Taken together, these data indicate a mechanism of\npathogenesis in which the suppression of the type I IFN response early\nduring PTV infection leads to early and uncontrolled viral replication\nand, ultimately, hamster death. This study contributes to our\nunderstanding of\n            <jats:italic>Phlebovirus<\/jats:italic>\n            pathogenesis and identifies\npotential targets for immune modulation to increase host\nsurvival.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01074-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,27]],"date-time":"2006-12-27T23:52:56Z","timestamp":1167263576000},"page":"884-892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The S Segment of Punta Toro Virus (\n            <i>Bunyaviridae<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>Phlebovirus<\/i>\n            ) Is a Major Determinant of Lethality in the Syrian Hamster and Codes for a Type I Interferon Antagonist"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Lucy A.","family":"Perrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston,\rTexas 77550-0609"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Worthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston,\rTexas 77550-0609"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston,\rTexas 77550-0609"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1422","volume":"356","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ahmad, K. 2000. More deaths from Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. 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