{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:25:30Z","timestamp":1791591930146,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1020750, 2025-39601-44627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1020750, 2025-39601-44627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) play a vital role in protecting neonates from infectious diseases, but their presence at the time of vaccination can interfere with vaccine-induced immune responses, thereby reducing vaccine effectiveness. MDA interference has been documented in pigs vaccinated with whole-inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines against swine influenza A virus (IAV). This study evaluated the efficacy of a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA (LNP-DNA) vaccine against swine IAV in the presence and absence of MDAs, comparing it to a WIV vaccine. In MDA-negative piglets, both the LNP-DNA and WIV vaccines induced strong immune responses and effectively prevented the vaccinated animals from being infected with the homologous IAV strain. However, in MDA-positive piglets, the WIV vaccine failed to trigger significant antibody or T-cell responses and offered no protection against viral shedding or lung damage. In contrast, the LNP-DNA vaccine elicited stronger immune responses in MDA-positive pigs, reduced nasal viral shedding, and prevented lung lesions. These findings demonstrate that the LNP-DNA vaccine overcomes MDA interference, making it a promising strategy for enhancing vaccine efficacy in neonatal animals with maternal antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternally derived antibody (MDA) interference is a major obstacle to developing effective vaccines for neonates. In pigs, MDAs significantly impair immune responses to a whole-inactivated virus vaccine. Here, we show that vaccination with a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated DNA vaccine can partially overcome MDA interference. These findings underscore the potential of the LNP-DNA vaccine as a viable strategy for effectively immunizing MDA-positive populations. Additionally, LNP-DNA vaccination in young pigs provides a valuable model for exploring the immunological mechanisms behind MDA-mediated suppression of vaccine-induced immunity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01123-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:00:26Z","timestamp":1760014826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA vaccine induces balanced antibody and T-cell responses in pigs with maternally derived antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-2659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danh C.","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043mer456","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043mer456","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-7358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"The N.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043mer456","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043mer456","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giao P.","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043mer456","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043mer456","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8084-4358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiep L. 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