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We propose a framework to quantify T-cell-mediated killing of infected or peptide-pulsed target cells using the widely used in vivo cytotoxicity assay. We have reanalyzed recently published data on killing of peptide-pulsed splenocytes by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and memory CD8 T cells specific to NP396 and GP276 epitopes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in the mouse spleen. Because there are so many effector CD8 T cells in spleens of mice at the peak of the immune response, NP396- and GP276-pulsed targets are estimated to have very short half-lives of 2 and 14 min, respectively. After the effector numbers have diminished, i.e., in LCMV-immune mice, the half-lives become 48 min and 2.8 h for NP396- and GP276-expressing targets, respectively. Analysis of several alternative models demonstrates that the estimates of half-life times of peptide-pulsed targets are not affected when changes are made in the model assumptions. Our report provides a unifying framework to compare killing efficacies of CD8 T-cell responses specific to different viral and bacterial infections in vivo, which may be used to compare efficacies of various cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-based vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01128-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,25]],"date-time":"2008-09-25T00:54:22Z","timestamp":1222304062000},"page":"11749-11757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Estimating In Vivo Death Rates of Targets due to CD8 T-Cell-Mediated Killing"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Vitaly V.","family":"Ganusov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoretical Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rob J.","family":"De Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoretical Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610335104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80340-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80766-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.7890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(200005)30:5<1356::AID-IMMU1356>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Nonlinear regression analysis and its applications. 1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20001021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.5.2247-2254.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.2888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.9.4441","volume":"160","year":"1998","unstructured":"Busch, D., and E. 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