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Most HCV-specific CD8 cells expressed PD-1 at the time of acute illness, irrespective of the final outcome. PD-1 expression declined with the acquisition of a memory phenotype and recovery of an efficient CD8 cell function in resolving HCV infections, whereas high levels were maintained when HCV persisted and HCV-specific CD8 cells remained dysfunctional. Blocking PD-1\/PDL-1 interaction with an anti-PDL-1 antibody improved the capacity of expansion of virus-specific CD8 cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01177-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,28]],"date-time":"2006-10-28T00:12:28Z","timestamp":1161994348000},"page":"11398-11403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":485,"title":["PD-1 Expression in Acute Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection Is Associated with HCV-Specific CD8 Exhaustion"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Urbani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Amadei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Tola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Massari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unita\u0300 Operativa Malattie Infettive, Azienda Ospedaliera S. 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