{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:20:03Z","timestamp":1788405603438,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24ama121005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ama121005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019770","name":"Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22EXC601-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22EXC601-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The family\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mamonoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , assigned in 2023, consists of three strains of medusavirus that infect acanthamoeba. A closely related species, clandestinovirus, which infects vermamoeba, was reported in 2021. Here, we report a newly identified clandestinovirus-like virus, named ushikuvirus, isolated from a freshwater pond in Japan. The ushikuvirus genome was at least 666,605 bp and contained 784 genes. Annotation revealed that a substantial proportion (58%) of open reading frames (ORFs) are ORFans, and 25% of ORFs are similar to those of other viruses in the phylum\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nucleocytoviricota<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Among ORFs sharing sequence similarity with other viruses, a large proportion (80%) were similar to the clandestinovirus sequences. However, ushikuvirus shows several remarkable features. (i) The capsid surface has multiple spike-like \u201ccap\u201d structures, some of which exhibit a fibrous structure. (ii) The infection cycle is longer than that of medusavirus and clandestinovirus, and the virus exhibits a unique cytopathic effect (CPE) that causes enlargement of host vermamoeba cells. (iii) The virus forms a viral factory for duplication and destroys the nuclear membrane of vermamoeba cells, a phenomenon not observed with medusavirus and clandestinovirus. These characteristics indicate that this newly isolated giant virus related to the family\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mamonoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Clandestinovirus may represent a key taxon for elucidating virus-host interactions and the evolution of this virus group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The family\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mamonoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                        consists of only one genus, including three species:\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Medusavirus medusae<\/jats:italic>\n                        ,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Medusavirus sthenus<\/jats:italic>\n                        , and the recently described medusavirus euryale. These three medusaviruses have been reported to infect\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Meanwhile, clandestinovirus, a closely related species in the family\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mamonoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                        , infects vermamoeba. In these viruses, genome replication takes place in the nucleus of the host cell, and like eukaryotes, the genome encodes a full set of histones and has numerous spikes on the capsid surface. Here, we report a new member of this unique virus group, ushikuvirus, which displays distinct features including cytopathic effects in vermamoeba cells. These findings improve our understanding of the biological significance of the family\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mamonoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                        and closely related taxa and provide a basis for elucidating the evolutionary relationships of giant viruses with their eukaryotic hosts.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01206-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T13:00:56Z","timestamp":1763989256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A newly isolated giant virus, ushikuvirus, is closely related to clandestinovirus and shows a unique capsid surface structure and host cell 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