{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:36:05Z","timestamp":1792798565502,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Emergent Biosolutions","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027970q43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    There are no FDA-approved antivirals for any coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2. Numerous drugs are already approved for human use that may have antiviral activity and therefore could potentially be rapidly repurposed as antivirals. Here, we present data assessing the antiviral activity of 20 FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that also inhibit SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We found that 17 of these inhibit SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that they may have pan-anti-coronaviral activity. We directly followed up seven of these and found that they all inhibit infectious-SARS-CoV-2 production. Moreover, we evaluated chloroquine and chlorpromazine\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    using mouse-adapted SARS-CoV. We found that neither drug inhibited viral replication in the lungs, but both protected against clinical disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01218-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T09:09:09Z","timestamp":1597914549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Broad Anti-coronavirus Activity of Food and Drug Administration-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    and SARS-CoV\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Stuart","family":"Weston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher 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