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However, the rapid development of phage resistance has hindered the therapeutic application of phages.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    evolutionary studies of bacteria\u2013phage co-cultures can elucidate the mechanism of resistance development between phage and its host. In this study, we investigated the resistance trends between\n                    <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its phage and found that inhibition of phage adsorption is the primary strategy by which bacteria resist phage infection\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while phages can re-infect bacterial cells by identifying other adsorption receptors. Although the final bacterial mutants were no longer infected by phages, they incurred a fitness cost that resulted in a significant reduction in virulence. In addition, the combination treatment with phage and aminoglycoside antibiotics could prevent the development of phage resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>S. maltophilia in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings contribute to increasing the understanding of the co-evolutionary relationships between phages and\n                    <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01249-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T09:00:48Z","timestamp":1704704448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterization of phage evolution and phage resistance in drug-resistant\n                    <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Pengjun","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 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