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We find that type I IFN preferentially promotes the production of antigen-specific IgG2c and IgA antibodies after infection with a live attenuated influenza virus or after immunization with influenza subunit vaccines. In contrast, type III IFN specifically enhances influenza virus-specific IgG1 and IgA production. The adjuvant effect of type I IFN was not dependent on TSLP, which is essential for the adjuvant effect of type III IFN. Type I IFN boosted vaccine-induced antibody production after immunization by the intranasal or the intraperitoneal route, whereas type III IFN exhibited its adjuvant activity only when the vaccine was delivered by the mucosal route. Our findings demonstrate that type I and type III IFNs trigger distinct pathways to enhance the efficacy of vaccines. This knowledge might be used to design more efficient vaccines against infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01262-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T09:32:50Z","timestamp":1568280770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Type I and Type III Interferons Differ in Their Adjuvant Activities for Influenza Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Ohnemus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li 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