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Adenovirus (Ad) expresses miRNAs derived from VA-RNAs (mivaRNAI and -II); however, recent studies have revealed that processing of VA-RNAI into mivaRNAI inhibits Ad replication. Conversely, we demonstrate here that mivaRNAII significantly promotes Ad replication and that mivaRNAII-mediated suppression of CUL4A expression via posttranscriptional gene silencing induces accumulation of c-Jun, leading to promotion of Ad infection. These results exhibited the significance of VA-RNAII for supporting Ad infection through a mechanism complementary to that of VA-RNAI. These observations could provide important clues toward a new perspective on host-virus interaction. Moreover, Ad is widely used as a basic framework for viral vectors and oncolytic viruses. Our findings will help to regulate Ad infection and will promote the development of novel Ad vectors and oncolytic Ad.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01265-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T10:28:12Z","timestamp":1540376892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A MicroRNA Derived from Adenovirus Virus-Associated RNAII Promotes Virus Infection via Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Machitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of 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