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KSHV, like other herpesviruses, intermittently reactivates from latency and enters a lytic cycle in which numerous lytic mRNAs and proteins are produced, culminating in infectious virion production. These lytic proteins may also contribute to tumorigenesis. Reactivation from latency is controlled by processes that restrict or activate the transcription of KSHV lytic genes. KSHV gene expression is modulated by binding of the host cell proteins CTCF and cohesin complex to the KSHV genome. These proteins bind to and modulate the conformation of chromatin, thereby regulating transcription. We have analyzed the interdependence of binding of CTCF and cohesin and demonstrate that while CTCF is required for cohesin binding to KSHV, they have very distinct effects, with cohesin primarily restricting KSHV lytic transcription. Furthermore, we show that cohesin and CTCF also exert effects on the host cell that promote antiviral defenses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01279-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T11:21:36Z","timestamp":1572348096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Complex Interactions between Cohesin and CTCF in Regulation of Kaposi\u2019s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Transcription"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Dajiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Mosbruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9773-1277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sankar","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"},{"name":"George E. 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