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While this high selectivity is critical to evading host innate immune responses, surprisingly, it is not essential for virion assembly. This review focuses on four main topics: (i) coronavirus genome packaging signals (PSs)\u2014how they are found and the function they serve; (ii) the viral components that recognize the PS in order to bring about selective gRNA packaging; (iii) coronavirus nucleocapsid structure and assembly; and (iv) the relationship between nucleocapsid protein phosphorylation and nucleocapsid assembly versus RNA synthesis. Current understanding of these areas has benefited immensely from advances made by recent studies, most of which were performed in response to the emergence of the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. 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