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Identification of transcription factors that regulate HBV transcription not only provides insights into molecular mechanisms of viral life cycle regulation but may also provide potential antiviral targets. In this work, we identified host MSX1 as a novel restriction factor of HBV transcription. Meanwhile, we observed higher intrahepatic MSX1 expression in chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) patients in immune active phase compared to those in immune tolerant phase, suggesting possible involvement of MSX1 in the regulation of HBV activity by the host. Lastly, intrahepatic overexpression of MSX1 delivered by recombinant adenoviruses into two mouse models of HBV persistence demonstrated MSX1-mediated repression of HBV\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , and MSX1-induced clearance of intrahepatic HBV DNA in treated mice suggested its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of CHB.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01345-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1705413634000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intrahepatic homeobox protein MSX-1 is a novel host restriction factor of hepatitis B virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8566-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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