{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:01:20Z","timestamp":1791342080808,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) has spread throughout the United States and Canada and now annually causes a clinical spectrum of human disease ranging from a self-limiting acute febrile illness to acute flaccid paralysis and lethal encephalitis. No therapy or vaccine is currently approved for use in humans. Using high-throughput screening assays that included a luciferase expressing WNV subgenomic replicon and an NS1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we evaluated a chemical library of over 80,000 compounds for their capacity to inhibit WNV replication. We identified 10 compounds with strong inhibitory activity against genetically diverse WNV and Kunjin virus isolates. Many of the inhibitory compounds belonged to a chemical family of secondary sulfonamides and have not been described previously to inhibit WNV or other related or unrelated viruses. Several of these compounds inhibited WNV infection in the submicromolar range, had selectivity indices of greater than 10, and inhibited replication of other flaviviruses, including dengue and yellow fever viruses. One of the most promising compounds, AP30451, specifically blocked translation of a yellow fever virus replicon but not a Sindbis virus replicon or an internal ribosome entry site containing mRNA. Overall, these compounds comprise a novel class of promising inhibitors for therapy against WNV and other flavivirus infections in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01358-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,22]],"date-time":"2007-08-22T20:43:54Z","timestamp":1187815434000},"page":"11992-12004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Identification of Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of West Nile Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Amine O.","family":"Noueiry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Apath, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Olivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apath, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Slomczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apath, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apath, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Buscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apath, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Geiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apath, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Min","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"},{"name":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"name":"Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.12989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0801.010252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01840-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"234","volume":"6","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barreiro, P., T. Garcia-Benayas, A. Rendon, S. Rodriguez-Novoa, and V. Soriano. 2004. Combinations of nucleoside\/nucleotide analogues for HIV therapy. AIDS Rev.6:234-243.","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.20.12828-12839.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5498.1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.5.1231-1239.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18860-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(98)00063-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.3.1340-1351.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00185-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/82191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.8.4599-4609.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.17.7814-7823.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.11.4957-4966.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.4.2578-2586.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.24.12941-12949.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.14.7737-7747.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0300140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"1","volume":"53","year":"2005","unstructured":"Geiss, B. J., T. C. Pierson, and M. S. Diamond. 2005. Actively replicating West Nile virus is resistant to cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA. Virology J.2: 53:1-13.","journal-title":"Virology J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm051229y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.23.14606-14613.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01128-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2002.01014.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct061675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-2-49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.Supplement_4.S750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280600758341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.9.5414-5420.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00768-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11457-11466.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.24.1.134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1943-1947.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/343813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9285-9294.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.22.12225-12235.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1934-1942.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5424.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.13924-13933.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(90)90029-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.4.859-866.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1109.050426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00341-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","first-page":"101","volume":"15","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morrey, J. D., C. W. Day, J. G. Julander, L. M. Blatt, D. F. Smee, and R. W. Sidwell. 2004. Effect of interferon-alpha and interferon-inducers on West Nile virus in mouse and hamster animal models. Antivir. Chem. Chemother.15:101-109.","journal-title":"Antivir. Chem. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00013-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/348091a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.13.8004-8013.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2335168100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.4.524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.12.4980-4988.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1320-1329.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.20.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01122-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.21.13350-13361.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02311-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00489-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02529-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710005383X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","first-page":"759","volume":"7","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shimoni, Z., M. J. Niven, S. Pitlick, and S. Bulvik. 2001. Treatment of West Nile virus encephalitis with intravenous immunoglobulin. Emerg. Infect. Dis.7:759.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.24.13203-13213.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81655-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00551-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.14.8698-8706.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1053-1057.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108705719900400206"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01358-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01358-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T06:13:18Z","timestamp":1646460798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.01358-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.01358-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01358-07","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1097518.553595","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-07-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}