{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:50:30Z","timestamp":1793083830750,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Control of swine influenza A virus (IAV) in the United States is hindered because inactivated vaccines do not provide robust cross-protection against the multiple antigenic variants cocirculating in the field. Vaccine efficacy can be limited further for vaccines administered to young pigs that possess maternally derived immunity. We previously demonstrated that a recombinant A\/sw\/Texas\/4199-2\/1998 (TX98) (H3N2) virus expressing a truncated NS1 protein is attenuated in swine and has potential for use as an intranasal live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccine. In the present study, we compared 1 dose of intranasal LAIV with 2 intramuscular doses of TX98 whole inactivated virus (WIV) with adjuvant in weanling pigs with and without TX98-specific maternally derived antibodies (MDA). Pigs were subsequently challenged with wild-type homologous TX98 H3N2 virus or with an antigenic variant, A\/sw\/Colorado\/23619\/1999 (CO99) (H3N2). In the absence of MDA, both vaccines protected against homologous TX98 and heterologous CO99 shedding, although the LAIV elicited lower hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers in serum. The efficacy of both vaccines was reduced by the presence of MDA; however, WIV vaccination of MDA-positive pigs led to dramatically enhanced pneumonia following heterologous challenge, a phenomenon known as vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). A single dose of LAIV administered to MDA-positive pigs still provided partial protection from CO99 and may be a safer vaccine for young pigs under field conditions, where dams are routinely vaccinated and diverse IAV strains are in circulation. These results have implications not only for pigs but also for other influenza virus host species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01439-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]],"date-time":"2012-07-19T11:53:18Z","timestamp":1342698798000},"page":"10597-10605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Provides Superior Protection from Heterologous Infection in Pigs with Maternal Antibodies without Inducing Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Lager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen A.","family":"Richt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce H.","family":"Janke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Sandbulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Gauger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal L.","family":"Loving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Webby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"Evaluation of a protective immunity induced by an inactivated influenza H3N2 vaccine after an intratracheal challenge of pigs","volume":"60","author":"Bikour MH","year":"1996","unstructured":"BikourMH CornagliaE ElazharyY. 1996. 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