{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:34:09Z","timestamp":1759336449561},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In individuals with HIV-1 infection, depletion of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells is often accompanied by a malfunction of CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells that are persistently activated and\/or exhausted. While the dynamics and correlates of CD4 counts have been well documented, the same does not apply to CD8 counts. Here, we examined the CD8 counts in a cohort of 497 Africans with primary HIV-1 infection evaluated in monthly to quarterly follow-up visits for up to 3 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Statistical models revealed that (i) CD8 counts were relatively steady in the 3- to 36-month period of infection and similar between men and women; (ii) neither geography nor heterogeneity in the HIV-1 set-point viral load could account for the roughly 10-fold range of CD8 counts in the cohort (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &gt; 0.25 in all tests); and (iii) factors independently associated with relatively high CD8 counts included demographics (age \u2264 40 years, adjusted\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.010) and several human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) alleles, including HLA-A*03:01 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.013), B*15:10 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.007), and B*58:02 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). Multiple sensitivity analyses provided supporting evidence for these novel relationships. Overall, these findings suggest that factors associated with the CD8 count have little overlap with those previously reported for other HIV-1-related outcome measures, including viral load, CD4 count, and CD4\/CD8 ratio.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Longitudinal data from 497 HIV-1 seroconverters allowed us to systematically evaluate the dynamics and correlates of CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-cell counts during untreated primary HIV-1 infection in eastern and southern Africans. Our findings suggest that individuals with certain HLA-I alleles, including A*03 (exclusively A*03:01), persistently maintain relatively high CD8 counts following HIV-1 infection, a finding which may offer an intriguing explanation for the recently reported, negative association of A*03 with HIV-1-specific, broadly neutralizing antibody responses. In future studies, attention to HLA-I genotyping data may benefit in-depth understanding of both cellular and humoral immunity, as well as the intrinsic balances of these types of immunity, especially in settings where there is emerging evidence of antagonism between the two arms of adaptive immunity.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01467-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T02:39:03Z","timestamp":1473907143000},"page":"10423-10430","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamics and Correlates of CD8 T-Cell Counts in Africans with Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Heather A.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoli","family":"Kamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Virus Research Unit on AIDS, Masaka Site, Masaka, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Karita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabir","family":"Lakhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard J.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omu","family":"Anzala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda"},{"name":"Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Goepfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Human Immunology Laboratory, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 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