{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T01:06:30Z","timestamp":1789088790013,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M012794\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M012794\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M012069\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M012069\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/J004324\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/J004324\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious bronchitis virus causes an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease, responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Amino acid differences in the surface protein, spike (S), in particular the S1 subunit, have been associated with poor cross-protection. Available vaccines give poor cross-protection and rationally designed live attenuated vaccines, based on apathogenic BeauR, could address these. Here, to determine the role of S1 in protection, a series of homologous vaccination trials with rIBVs were conducted. Single vaccinations with chimeric rIBVs induced virus-specific partial protective immunity, characterized by reduction in viral load and serum antibody titers. However, BeauR-M41(S) was the only vaccination to improve the level of protection against clinical signs and the loss of tracheal ciliary activity. Growth characteristics show that all of the rIBVs replicated<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>to similar levels. Booster vaccinations and an rIBV with improved<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>replication may improve the levels of protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01473-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T09:26:11Z","timestamp":1536830771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Expressing Chimeric Spike Glycoproteins Induce Partial Protective Immunity against Homologous Challenge despite Limited Replication<i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Keep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjaak","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4012-1283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Bickerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonneke","family":"Vervelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0547-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Diseases of poultry","author":"Cavanagh D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cavanagh D, Gleb J, Jr. 2008. Infectious bronchitis, p 117\u2013135. In Saif YM, Barnes HJ, Glisson JR, Fadly AM, McDougald LR, Nolan LK, Swayne DE (ed), Diseases of poultry, 12th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.","edition":"12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450310001642149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smvy.1997.0104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.11.5367-5375.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-67-7-1435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459208418816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00227-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-4-719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-71-9-1929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(88)90039-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-3-591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/10670-091913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2014.974504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.24.12359-12369.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.16.9084-9089.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199703000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01044-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.24.13804-13811.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.8.2692","article-title":"Analysis of an immunodominant region of infectious bronchitis virus","volume":"143","author":"Kuster JG","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kuster JG, Jager EJ, Lenstra JA, Koch G, Posthumus WP, Meloen RH, van der Zeijst BA. 1989. Analysis of an immunodominant region of infectious bronchitis virus. J Immunol 143:2692\u20132698.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"3371","volume-title":"Avian infectious bronchitis vaccine (live)","author":"European Pharmacoepia 6.1","year":"2010","unstructured":"European Pharmacoepia 6.1. 2010. Avian infectious bronchitis vaccine (live), p 3371\u20133373. European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM), Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708727114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.7.3180-3188.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02744-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008179208217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01556-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01258-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00072-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2015.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-181-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2438-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450801986529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459994506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2006.19.83"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459708419198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.02.008"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01473-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01473-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T02:52:12Z","timestamp":1693882332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.01473-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.01473-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01473-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01473-18"}}