{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:06:12Z","timestamp":1790247972224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,15]],"date-time":"2010-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1273881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection causes adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL) and is associated with a variety of lymphocyte-mediated disorders. HTLV-1 transmission occurs by transmission of infected cells via breast-feeding by infected mothers, sexual intercourse, and contaminated blood products. The route of exposure and early virus replication events are believed to be key determinants of virus-associated spread, antiviral immune responses, and ultimately disease outcomes. The lack of knowledge of early events of HTLV-1 spread following blood-borne transmission of the virus\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            hinders a more complete understanding of the immunopathogenesis of HTLV-1 infections. Herein, we have used an established animal model of HTLV-1 infection to study early spatial and temporal events of the viral infection. Twelve-week-old rabbits were injected intravenously with cell-associated HTLV-1 (ACH-transformed R49). Blood and tissues were collected at defined intervals throughout the study to test the early spread of the infection. Antibody and hematologic responses were monitored throughout the infection. HTLV-1 intracellular Tax and soluble p19 matrix were tested from\n            <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            cultured lymphocytes. Proviral copy numbers were measured by real-time PCR from blood and tissue mononuclear leukocytes. Our data indicate that intravenous infection with cell-associated HTLV-1 targets lymphocytes located in both primary lymphoid and gut-associated lymphoid compartments. A transient lymphocytosis that correlated with peak virus detection parameters was observed by 1 week postinfection before returning to baseline levels. Our data support emerging evidence that HTLV-1 promotes lymphocyte proliferation preceding early viral spread in lymphoid compartments to establish and maintain persistent infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01537-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,11]],"date-time":"2010-03-11T03:50:02Z","timestamp":1268279402000},"page":"5124-5130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Early Spatial and Temporal Events of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Spread following Blood-Borne Transmission in a Rabbit Model of Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"Rashade A. H.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bevin","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Millward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Premanandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lairmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences"},{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"736","volume":"37","year":"1988","unstructured":"Anderson, D. C., J. Epstein, L. Pierik, J. Solomon, W. Blattner, C. Saxinger, H. Alter, H. Klein, P. McCurdy, G. Nemo, J. Kaplan, J. Allen, R. Khabbaz, and M. Lairmore. 1988. Licensure of screening tests for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.37:736.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80766-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"2889","volume":"14","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bangham, C. R., K. Meekings, F. Toulza, M. Nejmeddine, E. Majorovits, B. Asquith, and G. P. Taylor. 2009. The immune control of HTLV-1 infection: selection forces and dynamics. Front. 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Syndr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"90","volume":"13","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kato, K., Y. Kanda, T. Eto, T. Muta, H. Gondo, S. Taniguchi, T. Shibuya, A. Utsunomiya, T. Kawase, S. Kato, Y. Morishima, Y. Kodera, and M. Harada. 2007. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from unrelated human T-cell leukemia virus-I-negative donors for adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma: retrospective analysis of data from the Japan Marrow Donor Program. Biol. Blood Marrow Transpl.13:90-99.","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.10.4860-4867.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910370608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"2071","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lairmore, M., and G. Franchini. 2007. Human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2, p. 2071-2105. In D. M. Knipe (ed.), Fields virology, 5th ed., vol. II. 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