{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:45:06Z","timestamp":1791308706993,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,15]],"date-time":"2013-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The human polyomavirus BK virus (BKV) establishes a latent and asymptomatic infection in the majority of the population. In immunocompromised individuals, the virus frequently (re)activates and may cause severe disease such as interstitial nephritis and hemorrhagic cystitis. Currently, the therapeutic options are limited to reconstitution of the antiviral immune response. T cells are particularly important for controlling this virus, and T cell therapies may provide a highly specific and effective mode of treatment. However, little is known about the phenotype and function of BKV-specific T cells in healthy individuals. Using tetrameric BKV peptide-HLA-A02 complexes, we determined the presence, phenotype, and functional characteristics of circulating BKV VP1-specific CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells in 5 healthy individuals. We show that these cells are present in low frequencies in the circulation and that they have a resting CD45RA\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            CD27\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            memory and predominantly CCR7\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            CD127\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            KLRG1\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CD49d\n            <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n            CXCR3\n            <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n            T-bet\n            <jats:sup>int<\/jats:sup>\n            Eomesodermin\n            <jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup>\n            phenotype. Furthermore, their direct cytotoxic capacity seems to be limited, since they do not readily express granzyme B and express only little granzyme K. We compared these cells to circulating CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and influenza virus (Flu) in the same donors and show that BKV-specific T cells have a phenotype that is distinct from that of CMV- and EBV-specific T cells. Lastly, we show that BKV-specific T cells are polyfunctional since they are able to rapidly express interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, and also, to a much lower extent, MIP-1\u03b2 and CD107a.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01540-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T04:25:31Z","timestamp":1374121531000},"page":"10263-10272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Circulating Polyomavirus BK VP1-Specific CD8\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            T Cells in Healthy Adults"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Michiel C.","family":"van Aalderen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester B. M.","family":"Remmerswaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin M.","family":"Heutinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"ten Brinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanspeter","family":"Pircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 A. W.","family":"van Lier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ineke J. M.","family":"ten Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"172","article-title":"BK virus infection in transplant recipients: clinical manifestations, treatment options and the immune response","volume":"70","author":"van Aalderen MC","year":"2012","unstructured":"van AalderenMC HeutinckKM HuismanC Ten BergeIJ. 2012. BK virus infection in transplant recipients: clinical manifestations, treatment options and the immune response. Neth. J. 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