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Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) is used as an experimental model system to study the host immune control of infection and explore novel vaccine strategies based on latency-deficient live viruses. We studied the properties and the potential of a recombinant MHV-68 (AC-RTA) in which the genes required for persistent infection were replaced by a constitutively expressed viral transcription activator, RTA, which dictates the virus to lytic replication. After intranasal infection of mice, replication of AC-RTA in the lung was attenuated, and no AC-RTA virus or viral DNA was detected in the isolated splenocytes, indicating a lack of latency in the spleen. Infection of the AC-RTA virus elicited both cellular immune responses and virus-specific IgG at a level comparable to that elicited by infection of the wild-type virus. Importantly, vaccination of AC-RTA was able to protect mice against subsequent challenge by the wild-type MHV-68. AC-RTA provides a vaccine strategy for preventing infection of human gammaherpesviruses. Furthermore, our results suggest that immunity to the major latent antigens is not required for protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01543-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,17]],"date-time":"2009-12-17T04:34:52Z","timestamp":1261024492000},"page":"2453-2465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Induction of Protective Immunity against Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection in the Absence of Viral Latency"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Qingmei","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York 12983"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Yager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York 12983"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"McHardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leming","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DeeAnn","family":"Martinez-Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Rickabaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seungmin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia A.","family":"Blackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York 12983"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine"},{"name":"Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5414.641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367707780378203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18731-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"468","volume":"24","year":"1980","unstructured":"Blaskovic, D., M. 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