{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:53:23Z","timestamp":1790834003367,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infects human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells. Unlike severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, which exclusively infects and releases through the apical route, this virus can do so through either side of polarized Calu-3 cells. Infection results in profound apoptosis within 24 h irrespective of its production of titers that are lower than those of SARS-CoV. Together, our results provide new insights into the dissemination and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV and may indicate that the virus differs markedly from SARS-CoV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01562-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T08:20:19Z","timestamp":1372926019000},"page":"9953-9958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Bilateral Entry and Release of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Induces Profound Apoptosis of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Xinrong","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikao","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Diseases and Cancer, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarence J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Ksiazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Te K.","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01244-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"WHO. 22 May 2013. 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