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Here we show that rhesus macaques (RMs) vaccinated with Vif and Nef acquired simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection at a lower (albeit not statistically significant) rate than control RMs following repeated intrarectal challenges with a pathogenic SIV clone. All animals in the present experiment expressed the elite control-associated major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecule Mamu-B*08 that binds immunodominant epitopes in Vif and Nef. Though preliminary, these results provide tantalizing evidence that the protective efficacy of vaccine-elicited CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells may be greater than previously thought. Future studies should examine if vaccine-induced cellular immunity can prevent systemic viral replication in RMs that do not express MHC-I alleles associated with elite control of SIV infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01626-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T10:34:27Z","timestamp":1544610867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Frequency of Vaccine-Induced T-Cell Responses Does Not Predict the Rate of Acquisition after Repeated Intrarectal SIVmac239 Challenges in\n            <i>\n              Mamu-B*08\n              <sup>+<\/sup>\n            <\/i>\n            Rhesus Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio A.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, 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